tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35213389976154399132024-03-18T14:22:07.725-07:00Letter VII (7)President Nelson taught, "Good inspiration is based upon good information." If you are a Latter-day Saint and haven't read Oliver Cowdery's 8 essays on Church history, including Letter VII, you need to read them to understand Church history, the Book of Mormon, and the related teachings of the prophets. jonathan3dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05379975395372054926noreply@blogger.comBlogger214125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3521338997615439913.post-44368906942831016762024-03-08T08:55:00.000-08:002024-03-08T08:55:50.124-08:00Kirtland temple and the Book of Mormon<p>With all the attention on the Kirtland temple, there will probably be lots of visitors there this summer. </p><p>Some of us think Kirtland is a solid candidate for <span style="color: #2b00fe;">"the <b>temple </b>which was in the land Bountiful."</span> (3 Nephi 11:1) This is the last temple mentioned in the Book of Mormon.</p><p>Except for what the Lord told people at that site: <span style="color: #2b00fe;">"Thus said the Father unto <b>Malachi</b>—Behold, I will send my messenger, and he shall prepare the way before me, and <b>the Lord whom ye seek shall suddenly come to his temple</b>, even the messenger of the covenant, whom ye delight in; behold, he shall come, saith the Lord of Hosts."</span> (3 Nephi 24:1)</p><div>D&C 109 is the dedicatory prayer for the Kirtland temple.</div><div><br /></div><div>D&C 110 is the fulfillment of the Lord suddenly coming to the temple, followed by the messengers of the covenants. Verse 14 even says, "<span style="color: #2b00fe;">Behold, the time has fully come, which was spoken of by the mouth of <b>Malachi</b>.</span>" (Doctrine and Covenants 110:14)</div><div><br /></div><div>That would be the topic of a much longer post, but to summarize, Ohio is within the land Bountiful in the Heartland model, and Kirtland fits as a site for the temple in 3 Nephi.</div><div><br /></div><div>We can see from D&C 110:14 that the Kirtland temple was the fulfillment of Malachi's prophecy. It makes sense that the Lord would teach that prophecy to the Nephites at the very location where it would be fulfilled.</div><div><br /></div><div>Just something to think about, regardless of what you think about the various possible settings of the Book of Mormon.</div><div>_____</div><p>If you or anyone you know is planning a trip, take some time to visit Indian Point Park which is just 14 miles northeast.</p><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoznAjVZk0fQUHrm5Dy-He3jnotlaL3OdtcwTH6iipPliT9mQ8LqX66TS96JyOfi_Ush3u42gdCJrg8T4x0jpAP6He2wg_bkvt415O6xobzz_6WxkimUO08YHnI8iZhUEZd-u_MoTlL5oc7xjLnTra2Ma-hMcYbUNFASKsRufj90ZOt65iZnSVlWjsOjHT/s1447/Kirtland%20to%20Indian%20Point.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="987" data-original-width="1447" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoznAjVZk0fQUHrm5Dy-He3jnotlaL3OdtcwTH6iipPliT9mQ8LqX66TS96JyOfi_Ush3u42gdCJrg8T4x0jpAP6He2wg_bkvt415O6xobzz_6WxkimUO08YHnI8iZhUEZd-u_MoTlL5oc7xjLnTra2Ma-hMcYbUNFASKsRufj90ZOt65iZnSVlWjsOjHT/s320/Kirtland%20to%20Indian%20Point.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(click to enlarge)</td></tr></tbody></table><br />From the parking lot, you walk west along the path to the end of the point you can see in this topographical map. Or, you can park down below on the west side and walk up the stairs to the top. If the rivers are high, you can access the upper parking lot from the east on Seeley Road.<div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKdixMRBs18RXnJkAbBxGKeyAH3i9w3_neMmwo4fZ2e6Yu0c-U0eE9Mi46hVd-6073PUf-xD8QfJizEM1Zd_RUxkKpJMpu8Y7FXGLM5yGyWW-N8dV6xS96v4j6028dlISg-kis2BxgYBGY9LERO577-ATFsR_ip08sof_57Z1XOnlZc3BlEkHS-TDSD4LT/s1530/Indian%20Point%20Park%20topography.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="940" data-original-width="1530" height="197" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKdixMRBs18RXnJkAbBxGKeyAH3i9w3_neMmwo4fZ2e6Yu0c-U0eE9Mi46hVd-6073PUf-xD8QfJizEM1Zd_RUxkKpJMpu8Y7FXGLM5yGyWW-N8dV6xS96v4j6028dlISg-kis2BxgYBGY9LERO577-ATFsR_ip08sof_57Z1XOnlZc3BlEkHS-TDSD4LT/s320/Indian%20Point%20Park%20topography.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(click to enlarge)</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><div><div>The historical marker explains that the walls were built around 140 BC, squarely within Book of Mormon time frames.</div><div><p><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPQKFDb68mljlYG4gfGbfqe3hhc0y-3RVefzW7c5XnafrFrtBc9wnNw-AesCwIpbzZjTKrO8laDd30NG1fzwq7jF-pkkpaS3hMhtvbtiYiv0LA04gXMMTKoKbQP45itYzb4cb4ibgTUKJrcT2rtcC4HlsUSCNhrX5tM4GEzb4bJ5o5oB2dLt0-jtLXcxdm/s550/Indian%20Point.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="514" data-original-width="550" height="299" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPQKFDb68mljlYG4gfGbfqe3hhc0y-3RVefzW7c5XnafrFrtBc9wnNw-AesCwIpbzZjTKrO8laDd30NG1fzwq7jF-pkkpaS3hMhtvbtiYiv0LA04gXMMTKoKbQP45itYzb4cb4ibgTUKJrcT2rtcC4HlsUSCNhrX5tM4GEzb4bJ5o5oB2dLt0-jtLXcxdm/s320/Indian%20Point.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(click to enlarge)</td></tr></tbody></table></p><p>I've visited similar fortifications at the convergence of rivers throughout the Midwest. Another excellent example is near Cincinnati, Ohio called Shawnee Lookout. The golf course there has a museum of excellent artifacts dating to Book of Mormon time frames. </p><p>I've also visited numerous Book of Mormon era archaeological sites in and around Cleveland. I had thought about offering a tour during the Mormon History Association meetings in Cleveland this year, but I couldn't fit it into my schedule.</p><p>Maybe one of these days I'll put together a virtual tour. The sites are quite impressive, and they're consistent with the <i>Moroni's America</i> framework for the setting of the Book of Mormon.</p><p>Plus, people have told me about artifacts and other things they've found in the area that they haven't reported to officials or archaeologists because the government will seize them, maybe take their property, etc.</p><p>That's a common problem, another unintended consequence of the NAGPRA Act.</p><p>A topic for another post someday...</p></div></div></div>jonathan3dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05379975395372054926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3521338997615439913.post-46724417317019120142024-02-29T18:17:00.000-08:002024-02-29T18:17:02.340-08:00Original Hopewell site at Chillicothe, Ohio<p> </p><div class="css-175oi2r r-18u37iz" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: white; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-size: 15px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1iusvr4 r-16y2uox r-1777fci" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex: 1 0 0px; justify-content: center; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-zl2h9q" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-k4xj1c r-18u37iz r-1wtj0ep" style="align-items: start; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; justify-content: space-between; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1d09ksm r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2" style="align-items: baseline; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" data-testid="User-Name" id="id__u1x9ozyx7xj" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1awozwy r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="align-items: center; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><a class="css-175oi2r r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l r-1loqt21" href="https://twitter.com/DrGregLittle2" role="link" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1awozwy r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="align-items: center; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1rynq56 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-rjixqe r-b88u0q r-1awozwy r-6koalj r-1udh08x r-3s2u2q" dir="ltr" style="align-items: center; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: flex; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; text-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="css-1qaijid r-dnmrzs r-1udh08x r-3s2u2q r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-poiln3" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset;"><span class="css-1qaijid r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-poiln3" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space: inherit;">Gregory L Little, Ed.D.</span></span></div><div class="css-1rynq56 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-rjixqe r-16dba41 r-xoduu5 r-18u37iz r-1q142lx" dir="ltr" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline-flex; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-1qaijid r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1awozwy r-xoduu5" style="align-items: center; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline-flex; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space: inherit;"><svg aria-label="Verified account" class="r-4qtqp9 r-yyyyoo r-1xvli5t r-bnwqim r-1plcrui r-lrvibr r-1cvl2hr r-f9ja8p r-og9te1 r-9cviqr" data-testid="icon-verified" role="img" viewbox="0 0 22 22"><g><path d="M20.396 11c-.018-.646-.215-1.275-.57-1.816-.354-.54-.852-.972-1.438-1.246.223-.607.27-1.264.14-1.897-.131-.634-.437-1.218-.882-1.687-.47-.445-1.053-.75-1.687-.882-.633-.13-1.29-.083-1.897.14-.273-.587-.704-1.086-1.245-1.44S11.647 1.62 11 1.604c-.646.017-1.273.213-1.813.568s-.969.854-1.24 1.44c-.608-.223-1.267-.272-1.902-.14-.635.13-1.22.436-1.69.882-.445.47-.749 1.055-.878 1.688-.13.633-.08 1.29.144 1.896-.587.274-1.087.705-1.443 1.245-.356.54-.555 1.17-.574 1.817.02.647.218 1.276.574 1.817.356.54.856.972 1.443 1.245-.224.606-.274 1.263-.144 1.896.13.634.433 1.218.877 1.688.47.443 1.054.747 1.687.878.633.132 1.29.084 1.897-.136.274.586.705 1.084 1.246 1.439.54.354 1.17.551 1.816.569.647-.016 1.276-.213 1.817-.567s.972-.854 1.245-1.44c.604.239 1.266.296 1.903.164.636-.132 1.22-.447 1.68-.907.46-.46.776-1.044.908-1.681s.075-1.299-.165-1.903c.586-.274 1.084-.705 1.439-1.246.354-.54.551-1.17.569-1.816zM9.662 14.85l-3.429-3.428 1.293-1.302 2.072 2.072 4.4-4.794 1.347 1.246z"></path></g></svg></span></div></div></a></div></div><div class="css-175oi2r r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1d09ksm r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2" style="align-items: baseline; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><a class="css-175oi2r r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l r-1loqt21" href="https://twitter.com/DrGregLittle2" role="link" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; z-index: 0;" tabindex="-1"><div class="css-1rynq56 r-dnmrzs r-1udh08x r-3s2u2q r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-rjixqe r-16dba41 r-18u37iz r-1wvb978" dir="ltr" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #536471; display: inline; flex-direction: row; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: "ss01"; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; text-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="css-1qaijid r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-poiln3" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space: inherit;">@DrGregLittle2</span></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="css-175oi2r r-1jkjb" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 8px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1awozwy r-18u37iz r-1cmwbt1 r-1wtj0ep" style="align-items: center; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; gap: 8px; justify-content: space-between; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1awozwy r-6koalj r-18u37iz" style="align-items: center; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-18u37iz r-1h0z5md" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; justify-content: flex-start; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-label="More" class="css-175oi2r r-1777fci r-bt1l66 r-bztko3 r-lrvibr r-1loqt21 r-1ny4l3l" data-testid="caret" role="button" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; justify-content: center; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 20px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; user-select: none; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><div class="css-1rynq56 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-rjixqe r-16dba41 r-1awozwy r-6koalj r-1h0z5md r-o7ynqc r-clp7b1 r-3s2u2q" dir="ltr" style="align-items: center; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #536471; display: flex; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; justify-content: flex-start; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; text-wrap: nowrap; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-xoduu5" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-xoduu5 r-1p0dtai r-1d2f490 r-u8s1d r-zchlnj r-ipm5af r-1niwhzg r-sdzlij r-xf4iuw r-o7ynqc r-6416eg r-1ny4l3l" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border-radius: 9999px; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; inset: 0px; list-style: none; margin: -8px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, box-shadow; z-index: 0;"></div><svg aria-hidden="true" class="r-4qtqp9 r-yyyyoo r-dnmrzs r-bnwqim r-1plcrui r-lrvibr r-1xvli5t r-1hdv0qi" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M3 12c0-1.1.9-2 2-2s2 .9 2 2-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2zm9 2c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2s-.9-2-2-2-2 .9-2 2 .9 2 2 2zm7 0c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2s-.9-2-2-2-2 .9-2 2 .9 2 2 2z"></path></g></svg></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="css-175oi2r" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: white; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; font-size: 15px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1s2bzr4" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; list-style: none; margin: 12px 0px 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1rynq56 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-bnwqim r-135wba7" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__5dk01n9mkl" lang="en" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-1qaijid r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-poiln3" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space: inherit;">Mid-1800's survey of the original Hopewell Site at Chillicothe, Ohio. It was an incredible set of earthworks and mounds covering nearly 130 acres. The outer walls ran for over 2 miles and 29 burial mounds were at the site. It was likely constructed around AD 200-500. From: Squier & Davis, 1858.</span></div></div></div><div class="css-175oi2r" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div aria-labelledby="id__06mwirgg7jn id__t0d3ddr21rp" class="css-175oi2r r-9aw3ui r-1s2bzr4" id="id__hcitr4bdyje" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; gap: 4px; list-style: none; margin: 12px 0px 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-9aw3ui" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; gap: 4px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1ets6dv r-1phboty r-rs99b7 r-1867qdf r-1udh08x r-o7ynqc r-6416eg r-1ny4l3l" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border-radius: 16px; border: 1px solid rgb(207, 217, 222); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, box-shadow; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-16y2uox r-1pi2tsx r-13qz1uu" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex: 1 0 auto; height: 384.163px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 564.8px; z-index: 0;"><a class="css-175oi2r r-1pi2tsx r-1ny4l3l r-1loqt21" href="https://twitter.com/DrGregLittle2/status/1763375700629672192/photo/1" role="link" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; height: 384.163px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1adg3ll r-1udh08x" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="r-1adg3ll r-13qz1uu" style="padding-bottom: 384.163px; width: 564.8px;"></div><div class="r-1p0dtai r-1pi2tsx r-u8s1d r-1d2f490 r-ipm5af r-13qz1uu" style="bottom: 0px; height: 384.163px; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 564.8px;"><div aria-label="Image" class="css-175oi2r r-1mlwlqe r-1udh08x r-417010" data-testid="tweetPhoto" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; inset: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: absolute; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1niwhzg r-vvn4in r-u6sd8q r-1p0dtai r-1pi2tsx r-1d2f490 r-u8s1d r-zchlnj r-ipm5af r-13qz1uu r-1wyyakw r-4gszlv" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-image: url("https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GHjDg1WXMAAUDvt?format=jpg&name=900x900"); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; height: 384.163px; inset: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; width: 564.8px; z-index: -1;"></div><img alt="Image" class="css-9pa8cd" draggable="true" src="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GHjDg1WXMAAUDvt?format=jpg&name=900x900" style="height: 384.163px; inset: 0px; opacity: 0; position: absolute; width: 564.8px; z-index: -1;" /></div></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="css-175oi2r" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"></div><div class="css-175oi2r r-1r5su4o" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; list-style: none; margin: 16px 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-k4xj1c r-18u37iz r-1wtj0ep" style="align-items: start; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; justify-content: space-between; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1wbh5a2 r-1b7u577" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px 12px 0px 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1d09ksm r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2 r-1471scf" style="align-items: baseline; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1rynq56 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-rjixqe r-16dba41" dir="ltr" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #536471; display: inline; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><a aria-describedby="id__9niposj01a6" aria-label="5:28 PM · Feb 29, 2024" class="css-1qaijid r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-xoduu5 r-1q142lx r-1w6e6rj r-9aw3ui r-3s2u2q r-1loqt21" href="https://twitter.com/DrGregLittle2/status/1763375700629672192" role="link" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #536471; cursor: pointer; display: inline-flex; flex-shrink: 0; flex-wrap: wrap; font: inherit; gap: 4px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; text-overflow: unset; white-space: nowrap;"><time datetime="2024-03-01T01:28:23.000Z">5:28 PM · Feb 29, 2024</time></a></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="css-1rynq56 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-rjixqe r-16dba41 r-1q142lx r-s1qlax" dir="ltr" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #536471; display: inline; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px 4px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-1qaijid r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-poiln3" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space: inherit;">·</span></div><div class="css-1rynq56 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-rjixqe r-16dba41" dir="ltr" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-1qaijid r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-poiln3" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space: inherit;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-xoduu5 r-1udh08x" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><span data-testid="app-text-transition-container" style="transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); transition-duration: 0.3s; transition-property: transform;"><span class="css-1qaijid r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1b43r93 r-1cwl3u0 r-b88u0q" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: 16px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space: inherit;"><span class="css-1qaijid r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-poiln3" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space: inherit;">338</span></span></span></div> <span class="css-1qaijid r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1b43r93 r-1cwl3u0" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #536471; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space: inherit;"><span class="css-1qaijid r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-poiln3" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space: inherit;">Views</span></span></span></div></div></div></div></div></div>jonathan3dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05379975395372054926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3521338997615439913.post-82962147073068092202024-02-23T09:56:00.000-08:002024-02-23T09:56:56.183-08:00Two sets of plates: "the book of which I have spoken"<p>This post discusses another aspect of the "two-sets-of-plates" scenario, looking at what Nephi said about the future Book of Mormon.</p><p>On this blog we've discussed the idea that Moroni put the abridged plates in the stone box on Cumorah, as indicated by the Title Page (the last leaf of the plates) and other extrinsic and historical evidence. </p><p>Joseph and Oliver completed the translation of those plates in Harmony, PA. Then Joseph gave those abridged plates to a messenger who took them to Cumorah. From the repository in Cumorah, the messenger picked up the plates of Nephi and took them to Fayette where Joseph translated them as 1 Nephi-Words of Mormon 1-11.</p><p>(see chart here: <a href="https://www.lettervii.com/p/the-two-sets-of-plates-schematic.html" target="_blank">https://www.lettervii.com/p/the-two-sets-of-plates-schematic.html</a>)</p><p>To review, the Lord told Oliver that when he finished helping Joseph translate "this record" (meaning the abridged plates), there would be "other records" that he would assist to translate.</p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;">1 Behold, I say unto you, my son, that because you did not translate according to that which you desired of me, and did commence again to write for my servant, Joseph Smith, Jun., even so I would that ye should continue until <b>you have finished this record</b>, which I have entrusted unto him.</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;">2 And then, behold, <b>other records have I</b>, that I will give unto you power that you may assist to translate.</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;">(Doctrine and Covenants 9:1–2)</span></p></blockquote><div>In the next section, the Lord explained what these "other records" were; i.e., the plates of Nephi.</div><div><br /></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe;">38 And now, verily I say unto you, that an account of those things that you have written, which have gone out of your hands, <b>is engraven upon the plates of Nephi</b>;</span></div></div><div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe;"> 39 Yea, and you remember it was said in those writings that <b>a more particular account was given of these things upon the plates of Nephi.</b></span></div></div><div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe;">40 And now, because the account which is engraven upon the plates of Nephi is more particular concerning the things which, in my wisdom, I would bring to the knowledge of the people in this account—</span></div></div><div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe;"> 41 Therefore, you shall <b>translate the engravings which are on the plates of Nephi</b>, down even till you come to the reign of king Benjamin, or until you come to that which you have translated, which you have retained;</span></div></div><div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe;">42 And behold, you shall publish it as the record of Nephi; and thus I will confound those who have altered my words.</span></div></div><div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe;">(Doctrine and Covenants 10:38–42)</span></div></div></blockquote><p>IOW, Joseph didn't have the plates of Nephi in Harmony. He wouldn't get them until the messenger brought them to Fayette. </p><p>_____</p><p>Aside from the extrinsic and historical evidence that Joseph Smith translated two separate sets of plates, we have a comment by Nephi that corroborates the two sets of plates scenario.</p><p>Nephi wrote, <span style="color: #2b00fe;">"And now, I would prophesy somewhat more concerning the Jews and the Gentiles. For <b>after the book of which I have spoken shall come forth</b>, and be written unto the Gentiles, and sealed up again unto the Lord, there shall be many which shall believe the words which are written; and they shall carry them forth unto the remnant of our seed."</span> (2 Nephi 30:3)</p><div>Notice that Nephi did not write "this book" when he prophesied about the future Book of Mormon. The <span style="color: #2b00fe;">"book of which I have spoken"</span> was obviously not the book he was writing at the time.</div><div><br /></div><div>Nephi explained that the book would be the words of "his seed," meaning his descendants, presumably as abridged by Mormon.</div><div><br /></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe;">2 And also, that I may remember the promises which I have made unto thee, Nephi, and also unto thy father, that I would remember your seed; and that <b>the words of your seed</b> should proceed forth out of my mouth unto your seed; and my words shall hiss forth unto the ends of the earth, for a standard unto my people, which are of the house of Israel;</span></div></div><div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe;">(2 Nephi 29:2)</span></div></div></blockquote><div><br /></div><div>Had Nephi's original plates been included in the original Book of Mormon, the verses should have read something like this:</div><div><br /></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe;">"And now, I would prophesy somewhat more concerning the Jews and the Gentiles. For <b>after the book of which I have spoken shall come forth</b>, </span><span style="color: #cc0000;"><b>which book shall include these words I am writing now,</b></span><span style="color: #2b00fe;"> and be written unto the Gentiles, and sealed up again unto the Lord, there shall be many which shall believe the words which are written; and they shall carry them forth unto the remnant of our seed."</span> (2 Nephi 30:3)</div><div><br /></div><div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe;">2 And also, that I may remember the promises which I have made unto thee, Nephi, and also unto thy father, that I would remember your seed; and that </span><b><span style="color: #cc0000;">your words and </span><span style="color: #2b00fe;">the words of your seed</span></b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"> should proceed forth out of my mouth unto your seed; and my words shall hiss forth unto the ends of the earth, for a standard unto my people, which are of the house of Israel;</span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe;">(2 Nephi 29:2)</span></div></div><div><br /></div><div>Naturally, other interpretations are possible, but this is an interpretation that corroborates the extrinsic and historical evidence that Joseph translated two separate sets of plates, and that the Lord had Joseph translate the plates of Nephi to replace the lost 116 pages from the "original" Book of Mormon.</div>jonathan3dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05379975395372054926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3521338997615439913.post-20638264356743298592024-02-20T11:06:00.000-08:002024-02-20T11:06:32.046-08:00Hank Smith podcast: overview of Lehi's promised land<p>Lots of interesting comments on the significance of North America:</p><p><a href="https://youtu.be/iBIXTdBLQME?t=356" target="_blank">https://youtu.be/iBIXTdBLQME?t=356</a></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitbv_zchvvja2yY4bl6stozsc2MNAg6oGnAMamNNRErTdgJBTUcAEwNq_yUVRn80IVlgfpibL6h8uZh9K7vchQXhuwsJhUnEqKi10v_kLWc-dqnthf2kwuhmIKwPK0YPQCHGp8QRjXWJmhSBHOlR6oSgRSxfDAC0rwGrlRp43aT1b90hKrfDjoWx_tA9cO/s778/Podcast%20-%20Hank%20Smith%20CFM%202%20N2%201-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="530" data-original-width="778" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitbv_zchvvja2yY4bl6stozsc2MNAg6oGnAMamNNRErTdgJBTUcAEwNq_yUVRn80IVlgfpibL6h8uZh9K7vchQXhuwsJhUnEqKi10v_kLWc-dqnthf2kwuhmIKwPK0YPQCHGp8QRjXWJmhSBHOlR6oSgRSxfDAC0rwGrlRp43aT1b90hKrfDjoWx_tA9cO/s320/Podcast%20-%20Hank%20Smith%20CFM%202%20N2%201-2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>Excerpts:</p><p><br /></p><p>so my point is let's</p><p>8:50</p><p>not get offended that God has said America is a choice land let's recognize that there are things for ordained by God for everyone but that there is something special here and let's not skip it because there are valuable things about recognizing this so verse seven this land is consecrated unto whom whom he shall bring I just read that and</p><p>A land consecrated</p><p>9:08</p><p>if it so be that they shall serve him now this is the condition according to the Commandments which he hath given it shall be a land of liberty unto them that's so important having a land of liberty is something special and it's a beacon to the world and can bless all kinds of Worlds as we know many countries have copied the Constitution of the United States or use that as a foundation for some of their own governance wherefore they shall never be brought into captivity now that's a really huge promise given the state of the world today and in other times where Liberty has been at risk if so it shall be because of iniquities this is a principle with a promise but we have to live the principle we have to worship the god of the land who is Jesus Christ right for if iniquity shall abound curse shall be the land for their sakes and for their sakes. </p><p>9:57</p><p>we're going to talk about that later with the the boundaries idea but unto the righteous it shall be blessed forever can I just emphasize that last line unto the righteous it shall be blessed forever that is an incredible promise no matter what happens politically or governmentally or socially or whatever unto the righteous it shall be blessed forever that is a beautiful statement of comfort.</p>jonathan3dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05379975395372054926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3521338997615439913.post-75602340459488961662024-02-17T13:58:00.000-08:002024-02-17T13:58:01.313-08:00Ensign magazine: Possible Routes Suggested for Mulek’s Voyage<p>In 1973, it was still cool to discuss evidence of the Book of Mormon in Church magazines. Maybe that's why those of us who were living back then think it's still cool.</p><p>:)</p><p>No need for contention about any of this, of course. People can believe whatever we want. So long as we pursue clarity, charity and understanding, we'll see "no more contention" (Mosiah 1:1). Instead, we'll all be better education and make informed decisions.</p><p><a href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1973/09/discovery/possible-routes-suggested-for-muleks-voyage?lang=eng" target="_blank">https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1973/09/discovery/possible-routes-suggested-for-muleks-voyage?lang=eng</a></p><h1 data-aid="126467618" id="title1" style="--height: 151.171875px; background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: left; font-family: "Ensign:Sans", Zoram, "Zoram ldsLat", Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 2.333em; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; inset-block-start: 0px; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: initial; vertical-align: baseline;">Possible Routes Suggested for Mulek’s Voyage</h1><div><br /></div><div><p data-aid="126467619" id="p1" style="--height: 172.78125px; background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Ensign:Serif", McKay, "McKay ldsLat", Palatino, "Palatino Linotype", Palatino-Roman, serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 0.889em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Two possible routes of the voyage of Mulek and his followers to the New World “promised land” of the Book of Mormon have been proposed by Dr. and Sister Ross T. Christensen of Brigham Young University. Dr. Christensen is a professor of archaeology and anthropology; his wife is a graduate student in archaeology.</p><p data-aid="126467620" id="p2" style="--height: 201.578125px; background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Ensign:Serif", McKay, "McKay ldsLat", Palatino, "Palatino Linotype", Palatino-Roman, serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 0.889em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Book of Mormon does not specify whether the Mulekites made their voyage to the Americas in the sixth century <small style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.8em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.33em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">B.C.</small> westward across the Atlantic Ocean or eastward across the Pacific. But since that history clearly indicates that they landed on the east coast of the “land northward,” the Christensens suggest that the Mulekites may have followed the Atlantic route.</p><p data-aid="126467621" id="p3" style="--height: 172.78125px; background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Ensign:Serif", McKay, "McKay ldsLat", Palatino, "Palatino Linotype", Palatino-Roman, serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 0.889em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A study of Atlantic Ocean currents together with other substantive information supports the feasibility of two possible routes that these early voyagers might have taken, according to the Christensens. One is a Mediterranean and North Atlantic route; the other is around Africa, then across the South Atlantic.</p><p data-aid="126467623" id="p4" style="--height: 316.765625px; background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Ensign:Serif", McKay, "McKay ldsLat", Palatino, "Palatino Linotype", Palatino-Roman, serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 0.889em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The sixth century before Christ was a time of extraordinary activity in exploration, trade, and colonization in the Mediterranean world and beyond. And the destruction of Jerusalem and the flight of Mulek and his people and others who were oppressed only accelerated a disposition to emigrate. Israelite colonies are believed to have existed at Cyprus, Crete, Libya, Jerba, and Carthage at the time of Jerusalem’s fall, some of them having been established, according to tradition, during the reigns of David and Solomon. Also dating from the period of David and Solomon was a tradition of Israelite commerce with the Phoenicians.</p><p data-aid="126467624" id="p5" style="--height: 345.5625px; background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Ensign:Serif", McKay, "McKay ldsLat", Palatino, "Palatino Linotype", Palatino-Roman, serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 0.889em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">One hypothesis suggests that at least part of the colony that settled in America with Mulek was Phoenician, because the river Sidon, mentioned in the Book of Mormon, bears the name of the principal city of ancient Phoenicia, Sidon. Aided by Phoenician mariners and Hebrew colonists across the Mediterranean, Mulek’s group could have reached the Atlantic Ocean by traveling the length of the Mediterranean Sea. Once out on the Atlantic, Mulek would have entered into a powerful ocean current that sweeps southwestward from Spain and Portugal along the west coast of Africa, then veers westward across the Atlantic, continuing in an arc through the West Indies.</p><p data-aid="126467626" id="p6" style="--height: 115.1875px; background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Ensign:Serif", McKay, "McKay ldsLat", Palatino, "Palatino Linotype", Palatino-Roman, serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 0.889em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">While the Christensens believe Mulek traveled this more direct route across the Atlantic, they have also considered the route around Africa and across the South Atlantic as another possibility.</p><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Ensign:Serif", McKay, "McKay ldsLat", Palatino, "Palatino Linotype", Palatino-Roman, serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="imageWrapper-wTPPD" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: grid; font: inherit; grid-template-columns: 1fr; grid-template-rows: 1fr; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Mulek’s Various Routes" class="imageWithModal-ILaMF" height="9" id="img1" sizes="(max-width: 272px) 184px, (max-width: 639px) calc(100vw - 88px), (max-width: 735px) 552px, (min-width: 736px) 512px, 552px" src="https://www.lds.org/bc/content/shared/content/images/gospel-library/magazine/ensignlp.nfo:o:350a.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: zoom-in; display: block; font: inherit; grid-area: 1 / 1; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0.889em 0px 1.778em; vertical-align: baseline; width: 512px; z-index: 2;" width="16" /></div></div><p data-aid="126467627" id="p7" style="--height: 287.96875px; background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Ensign:Serif", McKay, "McKay ldsLat", Palatino, "Palatino Linotype", Palatino-Roman, serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 0.889em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A powerful ocean stream originates in the Indian Ocean in the vicinity of Madagascar, sweeps southward around the Cape of Good Hope, veers westward across the South Atlantic to a point on the north of the eastern tip of Brazil, and continues northward off the coast of South America until it merges with the current flowing across the North Atlantic. Thus, if a vessel were to embark on the Red Sea and hold course close to the eastern shore of Africa until it reached the vicinity of Madagascar, it could follow the currents to the West Indies and the Gulf of Mexico.</p><p data-aid="126467629" id="p8" style="--height: 172.78125px; background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Ensign:Serif", McKay, "McKay ldsLat", Palatino, "Palatino Linotype", Palatino-Roman, serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 0.889em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Although twice as far as the Mediterranean route, this second possibility warrants consideration. It has been discovered that under orders of the Egyptian monarch Neccho II, Phoenician sailors in about 600 <small style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.8em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.33em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">B.C.</small> voyaged around the entire continent of Africa, and this was 2100 years before the same feat was accomplished by Vasco de Gama in 1498.</p><p data-aid="126467631" id="p9" style="--height: 201.578125px; background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Ensign:Serif", McKay, "McKay ldsLat", Palatino, "Palatino Linotype", Palatino-Roman, serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 0.889em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Another accomplishment about the time of the Mulekite voyage was an actual crossing of the Atlantic to America by Phoenician mariners who set sail in the Red Sea, taking the route around the Cape of Good Hope and across the South Atlantic to what is now Brazil. An ancient Phoenician inscription found at Paraiba, Brazil, sets the crossing between 534 and 531 <small style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.8em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.33em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">B.C.</small></p></div>jonathan3dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05379975395372054926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3521338997615439913.post-76232533085761973982024-01-17T12:14:00.000-08:002024-01-17T12:14:44.013-08:00Hopewell in Illinois<p>If you're not following Greg Little on Twitter (X), you're missing lots of interesting posts. Here's another one:</p><p><br /></p><div class="css-175oi2r r-18u37iz" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: white; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-size: 15px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1iusvr4 r-16y2uox r-1777fci" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex: 1 0 0px; justify-content: center; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-zl2h9q" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-k4xj1c r-18u37iz r-1wtj0ep" style="align-items: start; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; justify-content: space-between; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1d09ksm r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2" style="align-items: baseline; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" data-testid="User-Name" id="id__aspdwv1bi3" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1awozwy r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="align-items: center; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><a class="css-175oi2r r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l r-1loqt21" href="https://twitter.com/DrGregLittle2" role="link" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1awozwy r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="align-items: center; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1rynq56 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-rjixqe r-b88u0q r-1awozwy r-6koalj r-1udh08x r-3s2u2q r-1ddef8g" dir="ltr" style="align-items: center; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: flex; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline; text-overflow: unset; text-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="css-1qaijid r-dnmrzs r-1udh08x r-3s2u2q r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-poiln3" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; text-overflow: unset;"><span class="css-1qaijid r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-poiln3" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; text-overflow: unset; white-space: inherit;">Gregory L Little, Ed.D.</span></span></div><div class="css-1rynq56 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-rjixqe r-16dba41 r-xoduu5 r-18u37iz r-1q142lx" dir="ltr" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline-flex; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-1qaijid r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1awozwy r-xoduu5" style="align-items: center; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline-flex; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space: inherit;"><svg aria-label="Verified account" class="r-4qtqp9 r-yyyyoo r-1xvli5t r-bnwqim r-1plcrui r-lrvibr r-1cvl2hr r-f9ja8p r-og9te1 r-9cviqr" data-testid="icon-verified" role="img" viewbox="0 0 22 22"><g><path d="M20.396 11c-.018-.646-.215-1.275-.57-1.816-.354-.54-.852-.972-1.438-1.246.223-.607.27-1.264.14-1.897-.131-.634-.437-1.218-.882-1.687-.47-.445-1.053-.75-1.687-.882-.633-.13-1.29-.083-1.897.14-.273-.587-.704-1.086-1.245-1.44S11.647 1.62 11 1.604c-.646.017-1.273.213-1.813.568s-.969.854-1.24 1.44c-.608-.223-1.267-.272-1.902-.14-.635.13-1.22.436-1.69.882-.445.47-.749 1.055-.878 1.688-.13.633-.08 1.29.144 1.896-.587.274-1.087.705-1.443 1.245-.356.54-.555 1.17-.574 1.817.02.647.218 1.276.574 1.817.356.54.856.972 1.443 1.245-.224.606-.274 1.263-.144 1.896.13.634.433 1.218.877 1.688.47.443 1.054.747 1.687.878.633.132 1.29.084 1.897-.136.274.586.705 1.084 1.246 1.439.54.354 1.17.551 1.816.569.647-.016 1.276-.213 1.817-.567s.972-.854 1.245-1.44c.604.239 1.266.296 1.903.164.636-.132 1.22-.447 1.68-.907.46-.46.776-1.044.908-1.681s.075-1.299-.165-1.903c.586-.274 1.084-.705 1.439-1.246.354-.54.551-1.17.569-1.816zM9.662 14.85l-3.429-3.428 1.293-1.302 2.072 2.072 4.4-4.794 1.347 1.246z"></path></g></svg></span></div></div></a></div></div><div class="css-175oi2r r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1d09ksm r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2" style="align-items: baseline; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><a class="css-175oi2r r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l r-1loqt21" href="https://twitter.com/DrGregLittle2" role="link" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; z-index: 0;" tabindex="-1"><div class="css-1rynq56 r-dnmrzs r-1udh08x r-3s2u2q r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-rjixqe r-16dba41 r-18u37iz r-1wvb978" dir="ltr" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #536471; display: inline; flex-direction: row; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: "ss01"; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; text-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="css-1qaijid r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-poiln3" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space: inherit;">@DrGregLittle2</span></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="css-175oi2r r-1jkjb" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 8px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1awozwy r-18u37iz r-1cmwbt1 r-1wtj0ep" style="align-items: center; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; gap: 8px; justify-content: space-between; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1awozwy r-6koalj r-18u37iz" style="align-items: center; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-18u37iz r-1h0z5md" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; justify-content: flex-start; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-label="More" class="css-175oi2r r-1777fci r-bt1l66 r-bztko3 r-lrvibr r-1loqt21 r-1ny4l3l" data-testid="caret" role="button" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; justify-content: center; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 20px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; user-select: none; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><div class="css-1rynq56 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-rjixqe r-16dba41 r-1awozwy r-6koalj r-1h0z5md r-o7ynqc r-clp7b1 r-3s2u2q" dir="ltr" style="align-items: center; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #536471; display: flex; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; justify-content: flex-start; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; text-wrap: nowrap; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-xoduu5" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-xoduu5 r-1p0dtai r-1d2f490 r-u8s1d r-zchlnj r-ipm5af r-1niwhzg r-sdzlij r-xf4iuw r-o7ynqc r-6416eg r-1ny4l3l" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border-radius: 9999px; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; inset: 0px; list-style: none; margin: -8px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, box-shadow; z-index: 0;"></div><svg aria-hidden="true" class="r-4qtqp9 r-yyyyoo r-dnmrzs r-bnwqim r-1plcrui r-lrvibr r-1xvli5t r-1hdv0qi" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M3 12c0-1.1.9-2 2-2s2 .9 2 2-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2zm9 2c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2s-.9-2-2-2-2 .9-2 2 .9 2 2 2zm7 0c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2s-.9-2-2-2-2 .9-2 2 .9 2 2 2z"></path></g></svg></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="css-175oi2r" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: white; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; font-size: 15px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1s2bzr4" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; list-style: none; margin: 12px 0px 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1rynq56 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-bnwqim r-135wba7" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__u4tq7rlddy" lang="en" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-1qaijid r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-poiln3" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space: inherit;">The Gramercy Park Mounds in East Dubuque, IL, AKA "Dunleith Mounds." There were 26 Hopewell Culture mounds in this 3-acre park. The 5th Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology (1887) devoted several pages to their excavation. A skeleton over 7' in height was found along with other oddities.</span></div><div class="css-1rynq56 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-bnwqim r-135wba7" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__u4tq7rlddy" lang="en" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-1qaijid r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-poiln3" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div class="css-1rynq56 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-bnwqim r-135wba7" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__u4tq7rlddy" lang="en" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-1qaijid r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-poiln3" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space: inherit;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi3NtrXTgJ1R1Zmd0D2acoEryWyJhXMqmBAcNfT4FOJZgLO1nu60xvsEH_6xwBN-sS-J5SqYuWmw2K_c16ENjt8m6JFBESbylVNcv2eHE4D4E7D51r687XSuwLC3DXfZVcaH03SyrBguz5BNZ_H3vlNp5jwxJVnS03Ot9nY3e_Xm-5Ve25O2Pbd6ZbHEz7q" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1296" data-original-width="1944" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi3NtrXTgJ1R1Zmd0D2acoEryWyJhXMqmBAcNfT4FOJZgLO1nu60xvsEH_6xwBN-sS-J5SqYuWmw2K_c16ENjt8m6JFBESbylVNcv2eHE4D4E7D51r687XSuwLC3DXfZVcaH03SyrBguz5BNZ_H3vlNp5jwxJVnS03Ot9nY3e_Xm-5Ve25O2Pbd6ZbHEz7q" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /></span></div></div></div></div>jonathan3dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05379975395372054926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3521338997615439913.post-72765411027118950332024-01-16T06:00:00.000-08:002024-01-16T06:00:00.153-08:00Thruston tablet<p>The Thruston Tablet, found in Tennessee, is subject to a variety of interpretations.</p><div class="css-175oi2r r-zl2h9q" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; font-size: 15px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-k4xj1c r-18u37iz r-1wtj0ep" style="align-items: start; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; justify-content: space-between; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1d09ksm r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2" style="align-items: baseline; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l r-1awozwy r-18u37iz" data-testid="User-Name" id="id__gu036o0p6m5" style="align-items: center; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1awozwy r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="align-items: center; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><a class="css-175oi2r r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l r-1loqt21" href="https://twitter.com/DrGregLittle2" role="link" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1awozwy r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="align-items: center; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1rynq56 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-rjixqe r-b88u0q r-1awozwy r-6koalj r-1udh08x r-3s2u2q r-1ddef8g" dir="ltr" style="align-items: center; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: flex; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline; text-overflow: unset; text-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="css-1qaijid r-dnmrzs r-1udh08x r-3s2u2q r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-poiln3" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; text-overflow: unset;"><span class="css-1qaijid r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-poiln3" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; text-overflow: unset; white-space: inherit;">Gregory L Little, Ed.D.</span></span></div><div class="css-1rynq56 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-rjixqe r-16dba41 r-xoduu5 r-18u37iz r-1q142lx" dir="ltr" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline-flex; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-1qaijid r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-poiln3 r-1awozwy r-xoduu5" style="align-items: center; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline-flex; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space: inherit;"><svg aria-label="Verified account" class="r-4qtqp9 r-yyyyoo r-1xvli5t r-bnwqim r-1plcrui r-lrvibr r-1cvl2hr r-f9ja8p r-og9te1 r-9cviqr" data-testid="icon-verified" role="img" viewbox="0 0 22 22"><g><path d="M20.396 11c-.018-.646-.215-1.275-.57-1.816-.354-.54-.852-.972-1.438-1.246.223-.607.27-1.264.14-1.897-.131-.634-.437-1.218-.882-1.687-.47-.445-1.053-.75-1.687-.882-.633-.13-1.29-.083-1.897.14-.273-.587-.704-1.086-1.245-1.44S11.647 1.62 11 1.604c-.646.017-1.273.213-1.813.568s-.969.854-1.24 1.44c-.608-.223-1.267-.272-1.902-.14-.635.13-1.22.436-1.69.882-.445.47-.749 1.055-.878 1.688-.13.633-.08 1.29.144 1.896-.587.274-1.087.705-1.443 1.245-.356.54-.555 1.17-.574 1.817.02.647.218 1.276.574 1.817.356.54.856.972 1.443 1.245-.224.606-.274 1.263-.144 1.896.13.634.433 1.218.877 1.688.47.443 1.054.747 1.687.878.633.132 1.29.084 1.897-.136.274.586.705 1.084 1.246 1.439.54.354 1.17.551 1.816.569.647-.016 1.276-.213 1.817-.567s.972-.854 1.245-1.44c.604.239 1.266.296 1.903.164.636-.132 1.22-.447 1.68-.907.46-.46.776-1.044.908-1.681s.075-1.299-.165-1.903c.586-.274 1.084-.705 1.439-1.246.354-.54.551-1.17.569-1.816zM9.662 14.85l-3.429-3.428 1.293-1.302 2.072 2.072 4.4-4.794 1.347 1.246z"></path></g></svg></span></div></div></a></div></div><div class="css-175oi2r r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2 r-13hce6t" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 4px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1d09ksm r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2" style="align-items: baseline; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><a class="css-175oi2r r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l r-1loqt21" href="https://twitter.com/DrGregLittle2" role="link" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; z-index: 0;" tabindex="-1"><div class="css-1rynq56 r-dnmrzs r-1udh08x r-3s2u2q r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-rjixqe r-16dba41 r-18u37iz r-1wvb978" dir="ltr" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #536471; display: inline; flex-direction: row; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: "ss01"; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; text-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="css-1qaijid r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-poiln3" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space: inherit;">@DrGregLittle2</span></div></a></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="css-1rynq56 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-rjixqe r-16dba41 r-1q142lx r-s1qlax" dir="ltr" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #536471; display: inline; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px 4px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-1qaijid r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-poiln3" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space: inherit;">·</span></div><div class="css-175oi2r r-18u37iz r-1q142lx" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><a aria-label="10 hours ago" class="css-1rynq56 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-rjixqe r-16dba41 r-xoduu5 r-1q142lx r-1w6e6rj r-9aw3ui r-3s2u2q r-1loqt21" dir="ltr" href="https://twitter.com/DrGregLittle2/status/1746945733633233180" role="link" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #536471; cursor: pointer; display: inline-flex; flex-shrink: 0; flex-wrap: wrap; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; gap: 4px; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; text-overflow: unset; text-wrap: nowrap;"><time datetime="2024-01-15T17:21:34.000Z">10h</time></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="css-175oi2r r-1jkjb" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 8px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1awozwy r-18u37iz r-1cmwbt1 r-1wtj0ep" style="align-items: center; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; gap: 8px; justify-content: space-between; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-1awozwy r-6koalj r-18u37iz" style="align-items: center; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-18u37iz r-1h0z5md" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; justify-content: flex-start; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-label="More" class="css-175oi2r r-1777fci r-bt1l66 r-bztko3 r-lrvibr r-1loqt21 r-1ny4l3l" data-testid="caret" role="button" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; justify-content: center; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 20px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; user-select: none; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><div class="css-1rynq56 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-rjixqe r-16dba41 r-1awozwy r-6koalj r-1h0z5md r-o7ynqc r-clp7b1 r-3s2u2q" dir="ltr" style="align-items: center; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #536471; display: flex; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; justify-content: flex-start; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; text-wrap: nowrap; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-xoduu5" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-175oi2r r-xoduu5 r-1p0dtai r-1d2f490 r-u8s1d r-zchlnj r-ipm5af r-1niwhzg r-sdzlij r-xf4iuw r-o7ynqc r-6416eg r-1ny4l3l" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border-radius: 9999px; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; inset: 0px; list-style: none; margin: -8px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, box-shadow; z-index: 0;"></div><svg aria-hidden="true" class="r-4qtqp9 r-yyyyoo r-dnmrzs r-bnwqim r-1plcrui r-lrvibr r-1xvli5t r-1hdv0qi" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M3 12c0-1.1.9-2 2-2s2 .9 2 2-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2zm9 2c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2s-.9-2-2-2-2 .9-2 2 .9 2 2 2zm7 0c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2s-.9-2-2-2-2 .9-2 2 .9 2 2 2z"></path></g></svg></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="css-175oi2r" style="align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; font-size: 15px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1rynq56 r-8akbws r-krxsd3 r-dnmrzs r-1udh08x r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-rjixqe r-16dba41 r-bnwqim" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__qiq8oj837wi" lang="en" style="-webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-line-clamp: 10; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: -webkit-box; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-1qaijid r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-poiln3" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space: inherit;">Illustration of the Thruston Tablet. It is a (paraphrasing) "19 inch long, 15 inch wide, 1 inch thick slab of stone" found at Rocky Creek in Sumner County, Tennessee around 1878. From: Holmes 1891.</span></div></div><p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg-UdomHuHJ6COxr2Lt3Lxh48lwHBmtcDKNXcCBrH85SH_pudJX7HpCRdBNa8KGbTlfzxA4e5WduN8C5s7yk74GFqGSaogXaqJj2B3siKKaWYx1aMu0YtlvIBrStcPRWbjJezwZgJfAqUm_EJkPEO4r63uMFf63rVqHzOxZX-3PY8uTuWE4_-d31Tx6R4V2" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="865" data-original-width="1200" height="231" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg-UdomHuHJ6COxr2Lt3Lxh48lwHBmtcDKNXcCBrH85SH_pudJX7HpCRdBNa8KGbTlfzxA4e5WduN8C5s7yk74GFqGSaogXaqJj2B3siKKaWYx1aMu0YtlvIBrStcPRWbjJezwZgJfAqUm_EJkPEO4r63uMFf63rVqHzOxZX-3PY8uTuWE4_-d31Tx6R4V2" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(click to enlarge)</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /></p><p>Little is known about the dating of this piece, but here is one discussion of the various issues.</p><p><span style="color: #0f1419; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><a href="https://dnaconsultants.com/the-invention-of-the-cherokee-people/">https://dnaconsultants.com/the-invention-of-the-cherokee-people/</a></span></span></p>jonathan3dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05379975395372054926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3521338997615439913.post-31307471321106639382024-01-09T09:05:00.000-08:002024-01-09T09:05:34.140-08:00Daniel H. Ludlow and the 2 sets of plates<p>An article by Daniel H. Ludlow reminded me of another evidence that Joseph translated two separate sets of plates.</p><p><a href="https://archive.bookofmormoncentral.org/sites/default/files/archive-files/pdf/ludlow/2016-02-09/07_daniel_h._ludlow_the_title_page_2001.pdf" target="_blank">https://archive.bookofmormoncentral.org/sites/default/files/archive-files/pdf/ludlow/2016-02-09/07_daniel_h._ludlow_the_title_page_2001.pdf</a></p><p>To summarize:</p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p>1. The abridged plates which Joseph took from Moroni's stone box and translated in Harmony. Before leaving Harmony, Joseph gave the abridged plates to the divine messenger who took those plates back to the Hill Cumorah. Joseph identified the messenger as one of the Three Nephites.</p><p>2. The small plates of Nephi which Joseph translated in Fayette after the messenger brought those plates from the repository in Cumorah. This messenger also showed those plates to Mary Whitmer, introducing himself as "Brother Nephi." </p></blockquote><p>[Unfortunately, Andrew Jensen, who compiled early Church history, assumed Mary was wrong and changed the narrative to read that it was Moroni who showed Mary the plates. Apparently Jensen didn't know that Joseph had identified the individual as one of the Three Nephites, or that David Whitmer had a conversation with both the messenger and with the actual Moroni and knew they were separate individuals. Nevertheless, to accommodate M2C which claims Cumorah is in southern Mexico, LDS scholars prefer the Jensen narrative, which is not only contrary to the historical records but also highly problematic from a doctrinal standpoint as it promotes the idea that resurrected beings (such as Moroni) can change their shape, age, and overall appearance to mislead mortals (such as by appearing as an old, short, overweight man).]</p><p>_____</p><p>Back to Ludlow.</p><p>In his article, Ludlow reminds us that Joseph Smith explained that "the title-page of the Book of Mormon is a literal translation, taken from the very last leaf... and that said title page is not by any means a modern composition."</p><p>Far from being words that appeared on a stone in the hat (SITH), the title page is "a literal translation" taken from a specific leaf of the plates.</p><p>Years ago at BYU Education Week, I head one of the educators discuss Church history and actually say, "We don't know how Joseph knew the Title Page was on the last leaf because he didn't even use the plates. They were covered by a cloth when he read the words off the stone in the hat."</p><p>That's how absurd the SITH narrative has become.</p><p>Ludlow also reminds us that the copyright application of 11 June 1829, and the setting of the type for the title page in "the forepart of June 1829" by Gilbert, both occurred while Joseph was still translating the plates of Nephi in Fayette. Because the Title Page was the last leaf of the plates Joseph had in Harmony, the plates he was translating in Fayette had to be a different set of plates; i.e., the small plates of Nephi that he did not have in Harmony.</p><p>The alternative view--that Joseph had the plates of Nephi all along--would require that Joseph did not translate the plates in sequence, that the directions in D&C 10 to translate the "plates of Nephi" were superfluous because he already had the plates, and that the discrepancies in the descriptions of the plates and the different accounts of how Joseph returned them will forever remain a mystery.</p><p>But people can believe whatever they want to believe.</p><p>_____</p><p>See the diagram of the two sets of plates here:</p><p><a href="http://www.lettervii.com/p/the-two-sets-of-plates-schematic.html">http://www.lettervii.com/p/the-two-sets-of-plates-schematic.html</a></p><p><br /></p>jonathan3dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05379975395372054926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3521338997615439913.post-72080432714285756332024-01-08T13:24:00.000-08:002024-01-08T13:24:42.675-08:00Lehi's routeReaders of the Book of Mormon want to know how Lehi came to America. This little animation shows the most plausible route, which happens to also be the only one validated by an actual crossing using technology from 600 BC.<div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dwVAP4OZfOPEt2yWklqrWVk5CbFBEVOV4yvJRxSw5AJ9A6UQwTKbZsOB_veTbPZzK7vvdWLyfRa6mQlvDo-rQ' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><br /><div><br /></div><div>The Book of Mormon is a simple, direct narrative that is easy to understand when we heed the text, the teachings of the prophets, and the extrinsic evidence.</div>jonathan3dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05379975395372054926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3521338997615439913.post-22247012457285203042024-01-01T07:54:00.000-08:002024-01-01T07:54:57.368-08:00The coming forth of the Book of Mormon<p>The title of this blog, Letter VII, refers to the seventh of eight essays about Church history written by Oliver Cowdery in 1835 when he was the Assistant President of the Church (an office that ranked higher than the counselors in the First Presidency).</p><p>In Joseph Smith's day, these 8 essays were the best-known history of the Church. Oliver wrote from personal knowledge, with the assistance of Joseph Smith. He published them over several months as letters in the <i>Messenger and Advocate</i> in Kirtland in 1834-5. Joseph had his scribes copy the essays into his own journal as part of his life story. (See link below.)</p><p>Oliver wrote the essays with the express assistance of Joseph Smith. For example, Oliver mentioned that Joseph couldn't tell him exactly what time it was when Moroni first visited, but it was after everyone had gone to bed. Oliver described Moroni's appearance, Joseph's frame of mind when he first went to the Hill Cumorah, how the stone box was constructed, and many more important details.</p><p>In 1840, Joseph asked his brother Don Carlos to re-publish the essays in the <i>Times and Seasons</i> in Nauvoo. He gave Benjamin Winchester permission to re-publish them in the <i>Gospel Reflector,</i> which was Winchester's newspaper in Philadelphia. Parley P. Pratt also re-published them in the <i>Millennial Star</i> in England. Also in England, the essays were published as a separate pamphlet that sold thousands of copies.</p><p>An excerpt from Letter I was canonized as the note to JS-History in the Pearl of Great Price.</p><p>In Utah, Joseph F. Smith republished the essays in the <i>Improvement Era</i>.</p><p>However, most modern Latter-day Saints have never even heard of these important essays. Few have read them. </p><p>_____</p><p>Latter-day Saints frequently ask why they haven't heard of these essays before. It is easy to understand why certain prominent LDS scholars downplay these essays. Oliver Cowdery explicitly reaffirmed the dual facts that (i) Joseph Smith translated the record with the Urim and Thummim and (ii) the Hill Cumorah of Mormon 6:6 is the same hill where Joseph found the plates. </p><p>Readers of this blog recognize the implications. In these essays, Joseph and Oliver explicitly repudiated both SITH (the stone-in-the-hat theory of translation) and M2C (the Mesoamerican/two-Cumorahs theory of geography).</p><p>Consequently, those who promote SITH and M2C prefer that Latter-day Saints don't even know about these essays, let alone read them.</p><p>I find it ridiculous and counterproductive to suppress authentic, accurate Church historical documents, especially documents written by Joseph and Oliver that were so widely published at Joseph's direction. But modern LDS scholars have somehow rationalized their censorship.</p><p>Fortunately, the Joseph Smith Papers have preserved Joseph's journals so we can all read them there. </p><p>_____</p><p>Letter IV relates the visit of Moroni. It's well worth reading in full, but here's an excerpt from this link:</p><p><a href="https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1834-1836/68" target="_blank">https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1834-1836/68</a></p><p>Notice that Moroni told Joseph from the outset that the record was "written and deposited" not far from Joseph's home in Palmyra. IOW, we've known all along that it was not written in Mesoamerica and transported thousands of miles to western New York.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgeMZx5QGlNqQaWDTfxPAshlsC1sb2iyaA9Dwq1iItjvu9wj5XHN4lVQ28o2OTBVDgJ0WdRpl4yT1F_G3Ip1_RJVxXKXGvnstMzxzPwQd3p6fP95vHlXEXtQKPW7_9OsADN-h_IbHfEUtW2HNjp3mqQiDZndwHpMN6uUqfouY1T7GzLVjuMTR6bZFf8rr_/s942/Written%20and%20deposited.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="391" data-original-width="942" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgeMZx5QGlNqQaWDTfxPAshlsC1sb2iyaA9Dwq1iItjvu9wj5XHN4lVQ28o2OTBVDgJ0WdRpl4yT1F_G3Ip1_RJVxXKXGvnstMzxzPwQd3p6fP95vHlXEXtQKPW7_9OsADN-h_IbHfEUtW2HNjp3mqQiDZndwHpMN6uUqfouY1T7GzLVjuMTR6bZFf8rr_/s320/Written%20and%20deposited.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"written and deposited not far from that place"<br />(click to enlarge)</td></tr></tbody></table><p>This should be a given, but our M2C scholars have managed to obfuscate and confuse people by suppressing this account of what Moroni said.</p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;">Therefore, marvle not if your name is made a derission, and had as a by-word among such, if you are the instrument in bringing it, by the gift of God, to the knowledge of the people.”</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;">He then proceeded and gave a general account of the promises made to the fathers, and also gave a history of the aborigenes of this country, and said they were literal descendants of Abraham. He represented them as once being an enlightned and intelligent people, possessing a correct knowledge of the gospel, and the plan of restoration and redemption. He said this history was written and deposited not far from that place, and that it was our brother’s privilege, if obedient to the commandments of the Lord, to obtain and translate the same by the means of the Urim and Thummim, which were deposited for that purpose with the record.</span></p></blockquote><p>Because this fits so well with the first week of Come Follow Me, be sure to share it with everyone you know.</p><p><br /></p><p> </p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>jonathan3dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05379975395372054926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3521338997615439913.post-28969016792142564222023-12-15T10:14:00.000-08:002023-12-15T10:14:33.196-08:00Pre-Christmas Kindle sale - The Rational Restoration<p> </p><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: #fdfafe; color: #2a33d5; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, "Palatino Linotype", Palatino, serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><br /></h3><div class="post-header" style="background-color: #fdfafe; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><div class="post-header-line-1"></div></div><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-6149503774363349776" itemprop="description articleBody" style="background-color: #fdfafe; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 586px;"><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUFB4bnW86hF_2cw0gFEAyzZPfNH7VGYm3OBGLY3HKF8yScDTqXihqffTEnWnt8n44-hhHS7fHFnzFPVvUQHWMazKbfchdt7BhXYVH-106imCFYTvSXyf5X-wXj-KW3eYD6ZofY4VZ-xu4JoeqTIiLrGKDlQsLFQ4-ZtaZjjfu7rHU94K43y65DcxwqbU/s619/Original%20Kindle%202007.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; color: #2a33d5; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="619" data-original-width="531" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUFB4bnW86hF_2cw0gFEAyzZPfNH7VGYm3OBGLY3HKF8yScDTqXihqffTEnWnt8n44-hhHS7fHFnzFPVvUQHWMazKbfchdt7BhXYVH-106imCFYTvSXyf5X-wXj-KW3eYD6ZofY4VZ-xu4JoeqTIiLrGKDlQsLFQ4-ZtaZjjfu7rHU94K43y65DcxwqbU/w172-h200/Original%20Kindle%202007.jpg" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="172" /></a></div>When the first Kindle was released in 2007, I bought one right away. It was a little clunky, but it was better than other e-readers at the time.</div><div><br /></div><div>I showed mine to some well-known authors who had yet to see one back then, including R.L. Stine, Lee Child, and several others, many of whom signed the back of my Kindle just for fun. </div><div><br /></div><div>Back then, the ability of the Kindle to download books over the Internet seemed amazing. We could use it for email as well. (One of our kids sent us email from North Korea on a Kindle, which the authorities had let him keep during a tour there because he said it was a translator, not a phone.)</div><div><br /></div><div>Since then we've owned several Kindle devices, but now I hardly ever use them because the Kindle apps on our phones, tablets, and laptops are so much easier to use.</div><div><br /></div><div>Which leads me to the Pre-Christmas Kindle sale.</div><div>_____</div><div><br /></div>We decided to put the Kindle version of <i>The Rational Restoration</i> on sale for the next 10 days for only $4.99. <div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Rational-Restoration-Reframes-pursuit-understanding-ebook/dp/B0CHXRY2ZJ" style="color: #2a33d5; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"></a><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Rational-Restoration-Reframes-pursuit-understanding-ebook/dp/B0CHXRY2ZJ" style="color: #2a33d5; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJptCMirU8bzg4sJ0ZIbT4YBghsCQUxe9H5tcDcl5uxkA0X6tgBdCCPisH99Q8n4evADJEWt7rYJ0lgeoJZO0YFUS21gYvfOAZKL8oppnaz23oJaKRFMH2Esh1H03Toti_iJhIstwqQyOAqCrkAnjaHBbuJ4fYdlBrM3R54Wd6_ORdHdtjRHoGQ8RsYCE/s2844/Rational-Restoration-Kindle%20Cover%20300%201295-9-7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; color: #2a33d5; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2844" data-original-width="1860" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJptCMirU8bzg4sJ0ZIbT4YBghsCQUxe9H5tcDcl5uxkA0X6tgBdCCPisH99Q8n4evADJEWt7rYJ0lgeoJZO0YFUS21gYvfOAZKL8oppnaz23oJaKRFMH2Esh1H03Toti_iJhIstwqQyOAqCrkAnjaHBbuJ4fYdlBrM3R54Wd6_ORdHdtjRHoGQ8RsYCE/s320/Rational-Restoration-Kindle%20Cover%20300%201295-9-7.jpg" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="209" /></a></div><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Rational-Restoration-Reframes-pursuit-understanding-ebook/dp/B0CHXRY2ZJ" target="_blank">https://www.amazon.com/Rational-Restoration-Reframes-pursuit-understanding-ebook/dp/B0CHXRY2ZJ</a><br /><div><br /></div><div>[Note: anyone who bought a Kindle version in the last 30 days at the regular price can email me at lostzarahemla@gmail.com for a free special .pdf]</div><div>_____</div><div><br /></div><div>You can see the Table of Contents here:</div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.mobom.org/rational-restoration" style="color: #2a33d5; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">https://www.mobom.org/rational-restoration</a></div><div><br /></div><div>You can also download a sample of the book on Kindle, which includes the Table of Contents.</div><div>_____</div><div><br /></div><div>You don't need a Kindle device to read Kindle books. You can easily download the Kindle app on your PC, laptop, phone, or tablet. Then you can read your Kindle books anywhere. You can sync your devices so they keep you on the latest page you've been reading.</div><div>_____</div><div><br /></div><div>You can give Kindle copies as gifts. It's easy. Here are the instructions from the Amazon website:</div></div><div><br /></div><div><h1 id="GUID-AEE4B21D-DDDC-4094-9899-BEC696041C27__GUID-3C5E0F79-8663-4963-9587-7ED80FAAD8BC" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1111; font-family: "Amazon Ember", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 28px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 36px; margin: 0px 0px 14px; padding: 0px 0px 4px; position: relative; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">Buy Kindle Books for Others</h1><div id="GUID-AEE4B21D-DDDC-4094-9899-BEC696041C27__GUID-E555852D-A641-4200-84B4-0FA665F6B253" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1111; font-family: "Amazon Ember", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><p class="lead" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; padding: 0px 0px 14px;">You can use your Amazon account to purchase Kindle books in bulk and distribute them to others.</p><section class="a-section" id="GUID-AEE4B21D-DDDC-4094-9899-BEC696041C27__PREREQ_6128B61BA9A4409F8D0D898D564656FD" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 22px;"><div class="a-spacing-base" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 12px !important;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 14px; padding: 0px;"></p><div class="note" id="GUID-AEE4B21D-DDDC-4094-9899-BEC696041C27__GUID-696CBAE3-3A4F-4560-8AB4-94426F00A823" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 14px; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Note:</span> Kindle eBooks can only be redeemed by recipients in your same country. Recipients outside your country cannot redeem any Kindle eBooks sent to them. You can distribute any unredeemed copies to other recipients or request a refund.</div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></p></div></section><section class="a-section" id="GUID-AEE4B21D-DDDC-4094-9899-BEC696041C27__CONTEXT_C6351CA187D4465487B3A3CEF56A41C5" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 22px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">To buy Kindle books for others:</p></section><ol class="a-ordered-list a-vertical" id="GUID-AEE4B21D-DDDC-4094-9899-BEC696041C27__GUID-2A2A0D9E-1705-4D4E-8AC2-C1AE4F94646F" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 14px 28px; padding: 0px;"><li id="GUID-AEE4B21D-DDDC-4094-9899-BEC696041C27__GUID-2F8A7C53-A1B5-49CB-9A8A-54FA6B48E7D1" style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style: decimal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><span class="a-list-item" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Go to the Kindle eBook's product detail page on Amazon.</span></li><li id="GUID-AEE4B21D-DDDC-4094-9899-BEC696041C27__STEP_09294ACC90954107A38CE6446D41C5D7" style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style: decimal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><span class="a-list-item" style="box-sizing: border-box;">In the <span class="a-text-bold" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700 !important;">Buy for others</span> box select the quantity you want to purchase.</span></li><li id="GUID-AEE4B21D-DDDC-4094-9899-BEC696041C27__STEP_FCE7EA2ECFEA47729343BAF8A7296234" style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style: decimal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;"><span class="a-list-item" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span id="GUID-AEE4B21D-DDDC-4094-9899-BEC696041C27__GUID-65F3C675-CD72-47CC-8DC0-8CEA1FBDB0C0" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Select the <span class="a-text-bold" id="GUID-AEE4B21D-DDDC-4094-9899-BEC696041C27__GUID-692316C7-AB9A-4225-9B72-4E7F2289AF90" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700 !important;">Buy for others</span> button and then enter the details for your gift recipients.</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 14px; padding: 0px;">You can specify recipient email addresses on the checkout page to send each recipient an email with the link to redeem the eBook. Any eBooks not sent are available, after completing your purchase, to be sent when you choose.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: -4px 0px 14px; padding: 0px;">If you didn't provide a recipient email address, instructions on how to manage your books are emailed to you after the order is complete. Go to <a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=GSNK9JBA8BAUD5UK" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #007185; text-decoration-line: none;">Send Kindle Books to Individual Recipients</a> for more information.</p></div></span></li></ol></div></div></div>jonathan3dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05379975395372054926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3521338997615439913.post-80690399687169717052023-12-13T07:44:00.000-08:002023-12-13T07:44:31.099-08:00Ephesus, before and after excavation<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGJZPBrfQvYZ_Jz8B7brahlgKhWWFRy2jd8XgaSRBNhr8AuLdc4WEzIagtCFSA1aeV0y57prxqB1bjbjesgbRAIdkoPS9gVkHbfHLykqdkCEjK4TgHHvhVb3uPBttKpWRO5wPIgn8LhkEv5vP9HqwZNboOm2MD1odHX3MK0fszkCz5hNbanQgpmDeV4whl/s900/Ephesus%20theater%20before%20and%20after.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="720" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGJZPBrfQvYZ_Jz8B7brahlgKhWWFRy2jd8XgaSRBNhr8AuLdc4WEzIagtCFSA1aeV0y57prxqB1bjbjesgbRAIdkoPS9gVkHbfHLykqdkCEjK4TgHHvhVb3uPBttKpWRO5wPIgn8LhkEv5vP9HqwZNboOm2MD1odHX3MK0fszkCz5hNbanQgpmDeV4whl/w320-h400/Ephesus%20theater%20before%20and%20after.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: start;">2,300-year-old Grand Theatre of Ephesus, in Turkey, before and after excavation.</span></div><br /><p></p>jonathan3dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05379975395372054926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3521338997615439913.post-58389166444240881992023-12-06T10:52:00.000-08:002023-12-06T10:52:13.756-08:00"I am going to Cumorah"<p>On multiple occasions, David Whitmer described his experience with the messenger who took the abridged plates from Harmony to Cumorah. This account used to be in the Seminary and Institute manuals for the Book of Mormon, but is no longer taught. </p><p>The <i>Saints </i>book, Volume 1, p. 69, inexplicably omitted this account from the narrative of David Whitmer taking Joseph and Oliver from Harmony to Fayette. <i>Saints </i>explains how David's fields were miraculously plowed so he could go to Harmony, as David explained to Joseph F. Smith and Orson Pratt in 1878. </p><p><a href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/history/saints-v1/07-fellow-servants?lang=eng" target="_blank">https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/history/saints-v1/07-fellow-servants?lang=eng</a></p><p>Note 16 in the online edition of <i>Saints </i>links to the page of Joseph F. Smith's letter to John Taylor describing the trip to Fayette. </p><p><a href="https://catalog.churchofjesuschrist.org/assets/dca15baa-a0ac-4fc1-b2ec-7f3cd75e4906/0/43#churchofjesuschrist" target="_blank">https://catalog.churchofjesuschrist.org/assets/dca15baa-a0ac-4fc1-b2ec-7f3cd75e4906/0/43#churchofjesuschrist</a></p><p>The very next page in that letter relates David Whitmer's account of Cumorah, but Saints omits that from the narrative. Here's the link to that page.</p><p><a href="https://catalog.churchofjesuschrist.org/assets/dca15baa-a0ac-4fc1-b2ec-7f3cd75e4906/0/44" target="_blank">https://catalog.churchofjesuschrist.org/assets/dca15baa-a0ac-4fc1-b2ec-7f3cd75e4906/0/44</a></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWDqrkHIblg5Kp6tz9LjvoqFBJ26dr9gqLcOx-BV8b6BHguvGUwX1rPBYjNVQQY6c52jo7YnWeRWBI38YRZcfy2b1zhPz9tZM9IdiGkXBiBpqUTGxmme5kGLmf2Bv0UkN3SasW2qNX_xTa8CtoJ_esuXaNJx1pWuG568hC2KO18xBsT5JziglwRDYGWkdY/s2336/JFS-David%20Whitmer-MS_1325_b0012_f0011_item_44-1878.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2336" data-original-width="1478" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWDqrkHIblg5Kp6tz9LjvoqFBJ26dr9gqLcOx-BV8b6BHguvGUwX1rPBYjNVQQY6c52jo7YnWeRWBI38YRZcfy2b1zhPz9tZM9IdiGkXBiBpqUTGxmme5kGLmf2Bv0UkN3SasW2qNX_xTa8CtoJ_esuXaNJx1pWuG568hC2KO18xBsT5JziglwRDYGWkdY/w253-h400/JFS-David%20Whitmer-MS_1325_b0012_f0011_item_44-1878.jpeg" width="253" /></a></div><br /><p>In another account, David explained that Joseph Smith said this messenger who had the plates was one of the Three Nephites. I'll post that account separately.</p><p>_____</p><p>BTW, if you read Saints, page 70, you'll see the following dialog which combines what David actually related with a fictional identification. </p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p data-aid="137573888" id="p26" style="--height: 75.59375px; background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Ensign:Serif", McKay, "McKay ldsLat", Palatino, "Palatino Linotype", Palatino-Roman, serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 0.889em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">“My name is Moroni,” he said. “You have become pretty tired with all the extra work you have to do.” He swung the knapsack off his shoulder, and Mary watched as he started to untie it.<a class="note-ref" data-scroll-id="note19" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/history/saints-v1/07-fellow-servants?lang=eng#note19" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><sup class="marker" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.1em;">19</sup></a></span></p><p data-aid="137573889" id="p27" style="--height: 75.59375px; background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Ensign:Serif", McKay, "McKay ldsLat", Palatino, "Palatino Linotype", Palatino-Roman, serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 0.889em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">“You have been very faithful and diligent in your labors,” he continued. “It is proper, therefore, that <span class="page-break" data-page="71" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font: inherit; height: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; pointer-events: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></span>you should receive a witness that your faith may be strengthened.”<a class="note-ref" data-scroll-id="note20" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/history/saints-v1/07-fellow-servants?lang=eng#note20" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><sup class="marker" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.75em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.1em;">20</sup></a></span></p></blockquote><p>The audacity of this fictional narrative is stunning. The editors of <i>Saints </i>adapted David's account of what the messenger told his mother, Mary Whitmer, which was fair enough. But they omitted David's account of meeting the messenger on the way to Fayette, which was how he knew it was the same messenger who met his mother.</p><p>Worse, they omit David's explanation that Joseph identified the messenger as one of the Three Nephites.</p><p>They also omit what Mary herself said; i.e., that the messenger identified himself as Brother Nephi. (We see from 3 Nephi 19:4 that Nephi was one of the twelve disciples, three of whom were allowed to tarry, as described in 3 Nephi 28.)</p><p>Instead, they insert the fictional dialog that the messenger said "My name is Moroni," which never happened. The origin of that identification is from Andrew Jenson, who assumed Mary was wrong because, in his opinion, it was Moroni who had charge of the plates.</p><p>It should be obvious to any reader familiar with Church history that David Whitmer conversed with both this messenger and Moroni. David knew they were two different individuals and he even explained that Joseph said the messenger was one of the Three Nephites. </p><p>By creating a false narrative in <i>Saints</i>, the editors have not only misled generations of Latter-day Saints, but have generated confusion about the nature of resurrected beings. Now we are asked to believe that an old man, 5'8" or 5'9," heavy set with a white beard and hair, wearing a brown wool suit (which fits the description of the Three Nephites, assuming they were changed around the age of 72 as their fellow disciples were promised), is the same individual as the resurrected Moroni who was glorious, wearing a white seamless robe, and taller than the average men of the time. </p><p>For a discussion, see</p><p><a href="https://www.lettervii.com/p/moroni-and-nephi.html" target="_blank">https://www.lettervii.com/p/moroni-and-nephi.html</a></p><p> The same person?</p><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b>David Whitmer’s description<o:p></o:p></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b>Oliver Cowdery’s description<o:p></o:p></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">We were
suddenly approached by a very pleasant, nice looking old man… He was I should
think about 5 ft 8 or 9 inches tall and heavy set, about such a man as James
there, but heavier, his face was as large, he was dressed in a suit of brown
woolen clothes his hair and beard were white like bro. Pratts, but his beard
was not so heavy. I also remember that he had on his back a sort of knap
sack, with something in shaped like a book. It was the messenger who had the
plates.<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">The stature
of this personage was a little above the common size of men in
this age; his garment was perfectly white, and had the
appearance of being without seam.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><a href="https://catalog.churchofjesuschrist.org/assets/dca15baa-a0ac-4fc1-b2ec-7f3cd75e4906/0/44">https://catalog.churchofjesuschrist.org/assets/dca15baa-a0ac-4fc1-b2ec-7f3cd75e4906/0/44</a>
<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><a href="https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1834-1836/67">https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1834-1836/67</a>
<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>jonathan3dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05379975395372054926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3521338997615439913.post-85934681481541821762023-11-21T13:12:00.000-08:002023-11-21T13:12:09.207-08:00Hemispheric model in Church history<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>Hemispheric model in Church history: Comparison between the
Wentworth letter and Orson Pratt’s pamphlet.</b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Some Latter-day Saint scholars and critics claim that Joseph
Smith embraced, adopted, or tolerated a hemispheric model for the setting of
the Book of Mormon in the Americas. At the same time, many of these scholars
and critics reject what Joseph and Oliver taught about the New York Cumorah. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I’m fine with people believing whatever they want, because I
favor charity and understanding, but I also favor clarity. We can see from
<span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="http://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-1834-1836/90" target="_blank">Letter VII</a> </span>and other historical sources that the New York Cumorah was an
established fact. Because the text of the Book of Mormon never mentions America, the only reason to
assume Lehi landed in the western hemisphere is because Joseph and Oliver said
they did. The argument that Joseph and Oliver were wrong about Cumorah, but correct
about a setting in the Americas, seems irrational to me. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In terms of clarity, it is clear that some early Latter-day
Saints promoted a hemispheric model, particularly Parley P. and Orson Pratt and
Benjamin Winchester, who focused on Central America. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://archive.org/details/GospelReflector1841/page/n107/mode/2up">https://archive.org/details/GospelReflector1841/page/n107/mode/2up</a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The scholars and critics who claim Joseph taught a
hemispheric model cite anonymous articles in the 1842 <i>Times and Seasons</i> as
proof. The articles were signed by “Ed.” and they assume Joseph was an active
editor. That’s not an unreasonable assumption, but it’s also not the only
reasonable assumption. The totality of the circumstances indicates that Joseph
was merely a nominal editor (in name only), as I discussed in <i>The Lost City
of Zarahemla</i> and other books. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Furthermore, Joseph himself refuted the hemispheric model in
the Wentworth letter.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In the 1 March 1842 edition of the <i>Times and Seasons</i>,
Joseph Smith published a letter over his signature titled “Church History.” The
letter responded to a request from John Wentworth, the editor and proprietor of
the Chicago Democrat, who sought information for a friend of his named Mr. Bastow.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The letter is commonly known now as the Wentworth letter. It
was included as a chapter in the lesson manual <i>Teachings of the Presidents
of the Church: Joseph Smith</i>.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/teachings-joseph-smith/chapter-38?lang=eng">https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/teachings-joseph-smith/chapter-38?lang=eng</a>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In the first paragraph, Joseph wrote “<span style="color: #2b00fe;">As Mr. Bastow has
taken the proper steps to obtain correct information all that I shall ask at
his hands, is, that he publish the account entire, ungarnished, and without
misrepresentation.</span>”<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/church-history-1-march-1842/1">https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/church-history-1-march-1842/1</a>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">As it turns out, Joseph didn’t need to worry about Mr.
Bastow. The group that declined to publish the Wentworth letter “entire,
ungarnished and without misrepresentation” was the Curriculum Department that
published the lesson manual. They omitted a key segment of the Wentworth letter,
and the omission continues to cause confusion among Latter-day Saints and their
friends.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">Below is a screen shot of the lesson manual that shows the ellipses for the deleted (censored) material.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAxUP3fQrUYMkLr2a2kMpkuQWpH04YkixMN3M-tsxZLeEnz4sQS5zw1pNbk68tiX_omFhchI0TSk3DE-YdNT5vlI2XTZKWCBy3AxP7PDeK7D0crOpRgHQmZbmgqPDNrOnhD01kkE0XpEBlcKl68OMVrIM3FLeSohuZlrQ897fERyMdJ44MK-_PNNvOydia/s565/WEntowrth%20letter%20edits.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="226" data-original-width="565" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAxUP3fQrUYMkLr2a2kMpkuQWpH04YkixMN3M-tsxZLeEnz4sQS5zw1pNbk68tiX_omFhchI0TSk3DE-YdNT5vlI2XTZKWCBy3AxP7PDeK7D0crOpRgHQmZbmgqPDNrOnhD01kkE0XpEBlcKl68OMVrIM3FLeSohuZlrQ897fERyMdJ44MK-_PNNvOydia/w400-h160/WEntowrth%20letter%20edits.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table>In the table below, the censored material from the Wentworth letter is shown in <b><span style="color: #990000;">bold dark red.</span></b> The omission of these important parts of the Wentworth letter prevents Latter-day Saints around the world, speaking all different languages, from knowing what Joseph actually taught about the Book of Mormon.<p></p><p>It's no wonder so many are confused and are susceptible to the claims of the scholars and critics who reject what Joseph taught.<br /></p><p class="MsoNormal">The Wentworth letter appears to have been adapted in part from
an 1840 pamphlet published by Orson Pratt. The Joseph Smith Papers included
Orson Pratt’s 1840 pamphlet to provide context for the Wentworth letter. They
highlighted the parts of Pratt’s pamphlet that correspond to the Wentworth
letter.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The table below shows the comparison, starting with page 14
of the pamphlet.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/appendix-orson-pratt-an-interesting-account-of-several-remarkable-visions-1840/14">https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/appendix-orson-pratt-an-interesting-account-of-several-remarkable-visions-1840/14</a>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Two key changes Joseph made.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>1. Orson Pratt wrote <span style="color: #2b00fe;">“The second race came directly
from the city of Jerusalem, about six hundred years before Christ, being
Israelites, principally the descendants of Joseph.”</span> Joseph clarified by writing
<span style="color: #2b00fe;">“The second race came directly from the city of Jerusalem, about six hundred
years before Christ. They were principally Israelites of the descendants of
Joseph.”</span> Joseph’s explanation accommodates non-Israelites among the group,
where Pratt’s version said they were all Israelites.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>2. Orson Pratt wrote <span style="color: #2b00fe;">“The remaining remnant, having
dwindled into an uncivilized state, still continue to inhabit the land,
although divided into a “multitude of nations,” and are called by Europeans the
“American Indians.”</span> He then spent several pages claiming that Lehi landed in
South America, that <span style="color: #2b00fe;">“The persecuted nation emigrated towards the northern parts
of South America, leaving the wicked nation in possession of the middle and
southern parts of the same,”</span> and that, <span style="color: #2b00fe;">“The second colony, which left Jerusalem
eleven years after the remnant of Joseph left that city, [i.e., the Mulekites]
landed in North America, and emigrated from thence, to the northern parts of
South America; and about four hundred years after, they were discovered by the
Nephites, as we stated in the foregoing.”</span> Joseph replaced Orson Pratt’s
hemispheric explanation with the simple declaration that <span style="color: #2b00fe;">“The remnant are the
Indians that now inhabit this country.”</span> Because Joseph wrote the letter in
Nauvoo, Illinois, and sent it to Mr. Wentworth in Chicago, Illinois, the term “this
country” naturally meant the country in which both sender and recipient lived.
This is consistent with the revelations, as note 12 in the Joseph Smith Papers
observed.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Other interpretations are possible. For example, some
scholars/critics claim that when Joseph wrote “this country” he actually meant “this
hemisphere” and thereby incorporated Orson Pratt’s theory instead of refuting
it.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Read the comparisons and decide for yourself.<o:p></o:p></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">Orson Pratt –
1840 pamphlet<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">Joseph Smith –
1842 Wentworth letter<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">p. 14. He had
not gone far, before he was overtaken by an officer with a search-warrant,
who flattered himself with the idea, that he should surely obtain the plates;
after searching very diligently, he was sadly disappointed at not finding
them. Mr Smith then drove on; but before he got to his journey’s end, he was
again overtaken by an officer on the same business, and after ransacking the
waggon very carefully, he went his way, as much chagrined as the first, at
not being able to discover the object of his research. Without any further
molestation, he pursued his journey until he came into the northern part of
Pennsylvania, near the Susquehannah river, in which part his father-in-law
resided.10<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">Having
provided himself with a home, <b>he commenced translating the record, by the
gift and power of God, through the means of the Urim and Thummim</b>; and
being a poor writer, he was under the necessity of employing a scribe, to
write the translation as it came from his mouth.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">In the mean
time, a few of the original characters were accurately transcribed and
translated by Mr Smith, which, with the translation, were taken by a
gentleman by the name of Martin Harris, to the city of New York, where they
were presented to a learned gentleman by the name of [Charles] Anthon, who
professed to be extensively acquainted with many languages, both ancient and
modern. He examined them; but was unable to decipher them correctly; but he
presumed, that if the original records could be brought, he could assist in
translating them.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">But to
return. Mr Smith continued the work of translation, as his pecuniary
circumstances would permit, until he finished the unsealed part of the
records. The part translated is entitled the “Book of Mormon,” which contains
nearly as much reading as the Old Testament.<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">Through the
medium of the Urim and Thummim I
translated the record by the gift, and
power of God.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">p. 14<b>. </b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b>In
this important and most interesting book, <o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b>we can
read the history of ancient America, <o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b>from its
early settlement by a colony <o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b>who came
from the tower of Babel, <o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b>at the
confusion of languages, <o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b>to the
beginning of the fifth century of the Christian era. <o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b>By these
Records we are informed, <o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b>that
America, in ancient times, has been inhabited by two distinct races of
people. <o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b>The first,
or more ancient race, came directly from the great tower, being called
Jaredites. <o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b>The second
race came directly from the city of Jerusalem, about six hundred years before
Christ, being Israelites,</b><o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b>In this
important and interesting book</b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b>the history
of ancient America is unfolded, <o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b>from its
first settlement by a colony<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b>that came
from the tower of Babel, <o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b>at the
confusion of languages <o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b>to the
beginning of the fifth century of the Christian era. <o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b>We are
informed by these records<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b>that America
in ancient times has been inhabited by
two distinct races of people.</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b>The first
were called Jaredites and came directly from
the tower of Babel.11</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: #990000;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b>The second
race came directly from the city of Jerusalem,
about six hundred years before
Christ. They were
principally Israelites,</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">p. 15. <b>principally
the descendants of Joseph. <o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b>The first
nation, or Jaredites, were destroyed about the time that the Israelites came
from Jerusalem, who succeeded them in the inheritance of the country. <o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b>The
principal nation of the second race, fell in battle towards the close of the
fourth century. </b><o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b>of the
descendants of Joseph.<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b>The Jaredites
were destroyed about the time that the
Israelites came from Jerusalem, who succeeded them in the inheritance of the
country.</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b>The principal
nation of the second race fell in battle towards the close of the fourth
century.</b></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">The remaining
remnant, having dwindled into an uncivilized state, still continue to inhabit
the land, although divided into a “multitude of nations,” and are called by
Europeans the “American Indians.”<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b style="color: #990000;">The remnant
are the Indians that now inhabit this
country.</b><span style="color: #2b00fe;">12</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">JSP Note 12: JS
previously implied or stated that the “Lamanites” were ancestors of the
American Indians. In 1830 JS received a revelation that directed Oliver
Cowdery to “go unto the Lamanites & Preach my Gospel unto them.” Between
late 1830 and early 1831, Cowdery and others preached among the Seneca Nation
of Indians in New York, the Wyandot Indians in Ohio, and the Shawnee and
Delaware Indians west of Missouri. (Letter to Noah C. Saxton, 4 Jan. 1833;
Revelation, Sept. 1830–B [D&C 28:8]; Letter from Oliver Cowdery, 12 Nov.
1830; Pratt, Autobiography, 54; Letter to Hyrum Smith, 3–4 Mar. 1831.)</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">We learn from
this very ancient history, that at the confusion of languages, when the Lord
scattered the people upon all the face of the earth, the Jaredites, being a
righteous people, obtained favour in the sight of the Lord, and were not
confounded. And because of their righteousness, the Lord miraculously led
them from the tower to the great ocean, where they were commanded to build
vessels, in which they were marvellously brought across the great deep to the
shores of North America.11<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">And the Lord
God promised to give them America, which was a very choice land in his sight,
for an inheritance. And He swore unto them in his wrath, that whoso should
possess this land of promise, from that time henceforth and forever, should
serve him, the true and only God, or they should be swept off when the
fulness of his wrath should come upon them, and they were fully ripened in
iniquity. Moreover, he promised to make them a great and powerful nation, so
that there should be no greater nation upon all the face of the earth.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">Accordingly,
in process of time, they became a very numerous and powerful people,
occupying principally North America; building large cities in all quarters of
the land; being a civilized and enlightened nation. Agriculture and machinery
were carried on to a great extent. Commercial and manufacturing business
flourished on every hand; yet, in consequence of wickedness, they were often
visited with terrible judgments. Many prophets were raised up among them from
generation to generation, who testified against the wickedness of the people,
and prophesied of judgments and calamities which awaited them, if they did
not repent, &c. Sometimes they were visited by pestilence and plagues,
and sometimes by famine and war, until at length (having occupied the land
some fifteen or<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">[hemispheric
model deleted]<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">p. 16. sixteen
hundred years) their wickedness became so great, that the Lord threatened, by
the mouth of his prophets, to utterly destroy them from the face of the land.
But they gave no heed to these warnings; therefore the word of the Lord was
fulfilled; and they were entirely destroyed; leaving their houses, their
cities, and their land desolate; and their sacred records also, which were
kept on gold plates, were left by one of their last prophets whose name was
Ether, in such a situation, that they were discovered by the remnant of
Joseph, who soon afterwards were brought from Jerusalem to inherit the
land.12<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">This remnant
of Joseph were also led in a miraculous manner from Jerusalem, in the first
year of the reign of Zedekiah, king of Judah. They were first led to the
eastern borders of the Red Sea; then they journeyed for some time along the
borders thereof, nearly in a south-east direction; after which, they altered
their course nearly eastward, until they came to the great waters, where, by
the commandment of God, they built a vessel, in which they were safely
brought across the great Pacific ocean, and landed upon the western coast of
South America.13<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">In the
eleventh year of the reign of Zedekiah, at the time the Jews were carried
away captive into Babylon, another remnant were brought out of Jerusalem;
some of whom were descendants of Judah. They landed in North America; soon
after which they emigrated into the northern parts of South America, at which
place they were discovered by the remnant of Joseph, something like four
hundred years after.14<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">From these
ancient records, we learn, that this remnant of Joseph, soon after they
landed, separated themselves into two distinct nations. This division was
caused by a certain portion of them being greatly persecuted, because of
their righteousness, by the remainder. The persecuted nation emigrated
towards the northern parts of South America, leaving the wicked nation in
possession of the middle and southern parts of the same. The former were
called Nephites, being led by a prophet whose name was Nephi. The latter were
called Lamanites, being led by a very wicked man whose name was Laman. The
Nephites had in their possession a copy of the Holy Scriptures, viz. the five
books of Moses, and the prophecies of the holy<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">p. 17. prophets,
down to Jeremiah, in whose days they left Jerusalem. These Scriptures were
engraved on plates of brass, in the Egyptian language.15 They themselves also
made plates, soon after their landing, on which they began to engrave their
own history, prophecies, visions, and revelations. All these sacred records
were kept by holy and righteous men, who were inspired by the Holy Ghost; and
were carefully preserved and handed down from generation to generation.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">And the Lord
gave unto them the whole continent, for a land of promise, and he promised,
that they, and their children after them, should inherit it, on condition of
their obedience to his commandments; but if they were disobedient, they
should be cut off from his presence. And the Nephites began to prosper in the
land, according to their righteousness, and they multiplied and spread forth
to the east, and west, and north; building large villages, and cities, and
synagogues, and temples, together with forts, and towers, and fortifications,
to defend themselves against their enemies. And they cultivated the earth,
and raised various kinds of grain in abundance. They also raised numerous
flocks of domestic animals, and became a very wealthy people; having in
abundance gold, silver, copper, tin, iron, &c. Arts and sciences
flourished to a great extent. Various kinds of machinery were in use. Cloths,
of various kinds, were manufactured. Swords, cimeters, axes, and various
implements of war were made, together with head-shields, arm-shields, and
breastplates, to defend themselves in battle with their enemies. And in the
days of their righteousness, they were a civilized, enlightened, and happy
people.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">But, on the
other hand, the Lamanites, because of the hardness of their hearts, brought
down many judgments upon their own heads; nevertheless, they were not
destroyed as a nation; but the Lord God sent forth a curse upon them, and
they became a dark, loathsome, and filthy people. Before their rebellion,
they were white and exceedingly fair, like the Nephites; but the Lord God
cursed them in their complexions, and they were changed to a dark colour; and
they became a wild, savage, and ferocious people; being great enemies to the
Nephites, whom they sought, by every means, to destroy, and many times came<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">p. 18. against
them, with their numerous hosts to battle, but were repulsed by the Nephites,
and driven back to their own possessions, not, however, generally speaking,
without great loss on both sides; for tens of thousands were very frequently
slain, after which they were piled together in great heaps upon the face of
the ground, and covered with a shallow covering of earth, which will
satisfactorily account for those ancient mounds, filled with human bones, so
numerous at the present day, both in North and South America.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">The second
colony, which left Jerusalem eleven years after the remnant of Joseph left
that city, landed in North America, and emigrated from thence, to the
northern parts of South America; and about four hundred years after, they
were discovered by the Nephites, as we stated in the foregoing.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">They were
called the people of Zarahemla. They had been perplexed with many wars among
themselves; and having brought no records with them, their language had
become corrupted, and they denied the being of God; and at the time they were
discovered by the Nephites they were very numerous, and only in a partial
state of civilization; but the Nephites united with them, and taught them the
Holy Scriptures, and they were restored to civilization, and became one
nation with them.16 And in process of time, the Nephites began to build ships
near the Isthmus of Darien, and launch them forth into the western ocean, in
which great numbers sailed a great distance to the northward, and began to
colonize North America.17 Other colonies emigrated by land, and in a few centuries
the whole continent became peopled. North America, at that time, was almost
entirely destitute of timber, it having been cut off by the more ancient
race, who came from the great tower, at the confusion of languages; but the
Nephites became very skilful in building houses of cement; also, much timber
was carried by the way of shipping from South to North America. They also
planted groves and began to raise timber, that in time their wants might be
supplied. Large cities were built in various parts of the continent, both
among the Lamanites and Nephites. The law of Moses was observed by the
latter. Numerous prophets were raised up from time to time throughout their
generations.<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">p. 19. Many
records, both historical and prophetical, which were of great size, were kept
among them; some on plates of gold and other metals, and some on other
materials. The sacred records, also, of the more ancient race who had been
destroyed, were found by them. These were engraved on plates of gold. They
translated them into their own language by the gift and power of God, through
the means of the Urim and Thummim. They contained an historical account from
the creation down to the Tower of Babel, and from that time down until they
were destroyed, comprising a period of about thirty-four hundred, or
thirty-five hundred years. They also contained many prophecies, great and
marvellous, reaching forward to the final end and consummation of all things,
and the creation of the new heaven and new earth.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">The prophets
also among the Nephites prophesied of great things. They opened the secrets
of futurity, and saw the coming of Messiah in the flesh, and prophesied of
the blessings to come upon their descendants in the latter times, and made
known the history of unborn generations, and unfolded the grand events of
ages to come, and viewed the power, and glory, and majesty of Messiah’s
second advent, and beheld the establishment of the kingdom of peace, and
gazed upon the glories of the day of righteousness, and saw creation redeemed
from the curse, and all the righteous filled with songs of everlasting joy.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">The Nephites
knew of the birth and crucifixion of Christ, by certain celestial and
terrestrial phenomena, which, at those times, were shown forth in fulfilment
of the predictions of many of their prophets. Notwithstanding the many
blessings with which they had been blessed, they had fallen into great
wickedness, and had cast out the saints and the prophets, and stoned and
killed them. Therefore, at the time of the crucifixion of Christ, they were
visited in great judgment. Thick darkness covered the whole continent. The
earth was terribly convulsed. The rocks were rent into broken fragments, and
afterwards found in seams and cracks upon all the face of the land. Mountains
were sunk into valleys, and valleys raised into mountains. The highways and
level roads were broken up and spoiled. Many cities were laid in ruins.
Others were buried up in the depths of the earth, and mountains occupied
their place.<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">p. 20. While
others were sunk, and waters came up in their stead, and others still were
burned by fire from heaven.18<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">Thus, the
predictions of their prophets were fulfilled upon their heads. Thus, the more
wicked part, both of the Nephites and Lamanites, were destroyed. Thus, the
Almighty executed vengeance and fury upon them, that the blood of the saints
and prophets might no longer cry from the ground against them.<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">p. 20. Those
who survived these terrible judgments, were favoured with the personal
ministry of Christ. For after He arose from the dead, and finished his
ministry at Jerusalem, and ascended to heaven, he descended in the presence
of the Nephites, who were assembled round about their temple in the northern
parts of South America. He exhibited to them his wounded hands, and side, and
feet; and commanded the law of Moses to be abolished; and introduced and
established the Gospel in its stead; and chose twelve disciples from among
them to administer the same; and instituted the sacrament; and prayed for and
blessed their little children; and healed their sick, and blind, and lame,
and deaf, and those who were afflicted in any way, and raised a man from the
dead, and showed forth his power in their midst; and expounded the
Scriptures, which had been given from the beginning down to that time; and
made known unto them all things which should take place down until He should
come in his glory, and from that time down to the end, when all people,
nations, and languages should stand before God to be judged, and the heaven
and the earth should pass away, and there should be a new heaven and new
earth. These teachings of Jesus were engraved upon plates, some of which are
contained in the book of Mormon; but the more part are not revealed in that
book, but are hereafter to be made manifest to the saints.19<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">After Jesus
had finished ministering unto them, he ascended into heaven; and the twelve
disciples, whom he had chosen, went forth upon all the face of the land,
preaching the gospel; baptizing those who repented for the remission of sins,
after which they laid their hands upon them, that they might receive the Holy
Spirit. Mighty miracles were wrought by them, and also by many of the church.
The Nephites and Lamanites were all converted unto the Lord, both in South
and North America: and they dwelt<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">This book
<span style="color: #990000;">also</span> tells us that our
Saviour made his appearance upon this
continent after his resurrection, that he
planted the gospel here in all its fulness, and
richness, and power, and blessing;
that they had apostles, prophets, pastors,
teachers and evangelists; the same order,
the same priesthood, the same ordinances, gifts, powers, and blessing, as was
enjoyed on the eastern continent, that the people were cut off in consequence
of their transgressions, that the last of their prophets who existed among them
was commanded to write an abridgement of their prophesies, history &c., and
to hide it up in the earth, and that it should
come forth and be united with the bible for
the accomplishment of the purposes of
God in the last days. For a more
particular account I would refer to the Book
of Mormon, which can be purchased at
Nauvoo, or from any of our travelling
elders.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">p. 21. in
righteousness above three hundred years; but towards the close of the fourth
century of the Christian era, they had so far apostatized from God, that he
suffered great judgments to fall upon them. The Lamanites, at that time,
dwelt in South America, and the Nephites in North America.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">A great and
terrible war commenced between them, which lasted for many years, and
resulted in the complete overthrow and destruction of the Nephites. This war
commenced at the Isthmus of Darien, and was very destructive to both nations
for many years. At length, the Nephites were driven before their enemies, a
great distance to the north, and north-east; and having gathered their whole
nation together, both men, women, and children, they encamped on, and round
about the hill Cumorah, where the records were found, which is in the State
of New York, about two hundred miles west of the city of Albany. Here they
were met by the numerous hosts of the Lamanites, and were slain, and hewn
down, and slaughtered, both male and female—the aged, middle aged, and children.
Hundreds of thousands were slain on both sides; and the nation of the
Nephites were destroyed, excepting a few who had deserted over to the
Lamanites, and a few who escaped into the south country, and a few who fell
wounded, and were left by the Lamanites on the field of battle for dead,
among whom were Mormon and his son Moroni, who were righteous men.20<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">Mormon had
made an abridgement, from the records of his forefathers, upon plates, which
abridgement he entitled the “Book of Mormon;” and, (being commanded of God,)
he hid up in the hill Cumorah, all the sacred records of his forefathers
which were in his possession, except the abridgement called the “Book of
Mormon,” which he gave to his son Moroni to finish. Moroni survived his
nation a few years, and continued the writings, in which he informs us, that
the Lamanites hunted those few Nephites who escaped the great and tremendous
battle of Cumorah, until they were all destroyed, excepting those who were
mingled with the Lamanites, and that he was left alone, and kept himself hid,
for they sought to destroy every Nephite who would not deny the Christ. He furthermore
states, that the Lamanites were at war one with another, and that the<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">p. 22. whole
face of the land was one continual scene of murdering, robbing, and
plundering.21 He continued the history until the four hundred and twentieth
year of the Christian era, when, (by the commandment of God,) he hid up the
records in the hill Cumorah, where they remained concealed, until by the
ministry of an angel they were discovered to Mr Smith, who, by the gift and
power of God, translated them into the English language, by the means of the
Urim and Thummim, as stated in the foregoing.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">After the
book was translated, the Lord raised up witnesses to bear testimony to the
nations of its truth, who, at the close of the volume, send forth their
testimony, which reads as follows:—<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">TESTIMONY OF
THREE WITNESSES.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">“Be it known
unto all nations, kindreds, tongues, and people, unto whom this work shall
come, that we, through the grace of God the Father, and our Lord Jesus
Christ, have seen the plates which contain this record, which is a record of
the people of Nephi, and also of the Lamanites, their brethren, and also of
the people of Jared, who came from the tower of which hath been spoken; and
we also know that they have been translated by the gift and power of God, for
his voice hath declared it unto us; wherefore we know of a surety, that the
work is true. And we also testify that we have seen the engravings which are
upon the plates; and they have been shown unto us by the power of God, and
not of man. And we declare, with words of soberness, that an angel of God
came down from heaven, and he brought and laid before our eyes, that we
beheld and saw the plates, and the engravings thereon; and we know that it is
by the grace of God the Father, and our Lord Jesus Christ, that we beheld and
bear record that these things are true; and it is marvellous in our eyes,
nevertheless, the voice of the Lord commanded us that we should bear record
of it; wherefore, to be obedient unto the commandments of God, we bear
testimony of these things. And we know that if we are faithful in Christ, we
shall rid our garments of the blood of all men, and be found spotless before
the judgment seat of Christ, and shall dwell with him eternally in the
heavens. And the honour be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy
Ghost, which is one God. Amen.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">OLIVER
COWDERY,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">DAVID
WHITMER,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">MARTIN
HARRIS.”<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p><br /><p></p>jonathan3dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05379975395372054926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3521338997615439913.post-92038336819921710142023-11-01T11:15:00.004-07:002023-11-01T11:15:29.418-07:00Warren Moorehead's 1905 survey of ancient relics from North America<p>Gregory Little posted this recently:</p><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-zl2h9q" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-k4xj1c r-18u37iz r-1wtj0ep" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-pack: justify; align-items: start; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; justify-content: space-between; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1d09ksm r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2" style="-webkit-box-align: baseline; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: baseline; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1awozwy r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" data-testid="User-Name" id="id__ussezn54qnb" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1awozwy r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><a class="css-4rbku5 css-18t94o4 css-1dbjc4n r-1loqt21 r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" href="https://twitter.com/DrGregLittle2" role="link" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1awozwy r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-901oao r-1awozwy r-18jsvk2 r-6koalj r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-b88u0q r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-1udh08x r-3s2u2q r-qvutc0" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: flex; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-overflow: unset; text-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 css-1hf3ou5 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-overflow: unset;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-overflow: unset; white-space: inherit;">Gregory L Little, Ed.D.</span></span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-xoduu5 r-18u37iz r-1q142lx r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline-flex; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-overflow: unset; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-1awozwy r-xoduu5 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="-webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline-flex; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-overflow: unset; white-space: inherit;"><svg aria-label="Verified account" class="r-1cvl2hr r-4qtqp9 r-yyyyoo r-1xvli5t r-9cviqr r-f9ja8p r-og9te1 r-bnwqim r-1plcrui r-lrvibr" data-testid="icon-verified" role="img" viewbox="0 0 22 22"><g><path d="M20.396 11c-.018-.646-.215-1.275-.57-1.816-.354-.54-.852-.972-1.438-1.246.223-.607.27-1.264.14-1.897-.131-.634-.437-1.218-.882-1.687-.47-.445-1.053-.75-1.687-.882-.633-.13-1.29-.083-1.897.14-.273-.587-.704-1.086-1.245-1.44S11.647 1.62 11 1.604c-.646.017-1.273.213-1.813.568s-.969.854-1.24 1.44c-.608-.223-1.267-.272-1.902-.14-.635.13-1.22.436-1.69.882-.445.47-.749 1.055-.878 1.688-.13.633-.08 1.29.144 1.896-.587.274-1.087.705-1.443 1.245-.356.54-.555 1.17-.574 1.817.02.647.218 1.276.574 1.817.356.54.856.972 1.443 1.245-.224.606-.274 1.263-.144 1.896.13.634.433 1.218.877 1.688.47.443 1.054.747 1.687.878.633.132 1.29.084 1.897-.136.274.586.705 1.084 1.246 1.439.54.354 1.17.551 1.816.569.647-.016 1.276-.213 1.817-.567s.972-.854 1.245-1.44c.604.239 1.266.296 1.903.164.636-.132 1.22-.447 1.68-.907.46-.46.776-1.044.908-1.681s.075-1.299-.165-1.903c.586-.274 1.084-.705 1.439-1.246.354-.54.551-1.17.569-1.816zM9.662 14.85l-3.429-3.428 1.293-1.302 2.072 2.072 4.4-4.794 1.347 1.246z"></path></g></svg></span></div></div></a></div></div><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2 r-13hce6t" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px 0px 0px 4px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1d09ksm r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2" style="-webkit-box-align: baseline; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: baseline; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><a class="css-4rbku5 css-18t94o4 css-1dbjc4n r-1loqt21 r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" href="https://twitter.com/DrGregLittle2" role="link" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; z-index: 0;" tabindex="-1"><div class="css-901oao css-1hf3ou5 r-14j79pv r-18u37iz r-37j5jr r-1wvb978 r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #536471; display: inline; flex-direction: row; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: "ss01"; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-overflow: unset; text-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-overflow: unset; white-space: inherit;">@DrGregLittle2</span></div></a></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="css-901oao r-14j79pv r-1q142lx r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-s1qlax r-qvutc0" dir="ltr" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #536471; display: inline; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px 4px; text-overflow: unset; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-overflow: unset; white-space: inherit;">·</span></div><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-18u37iz r-1q142lx" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><a aria-label="16 hours ago" class="css-4rbku5 css-18t94o4 css-901oao r-14j79pv r-1loqt21 r-xoduu5 r-1q142lx r-1w6e6rj r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-9aw3ui r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-3s2u2q r-qvutc0" dir="ltr" href="https://twitter.com/DrGregLittle2/status/1719530839891931514" role="link" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #536471; cursor: pointer; display: inline-flex; flex-shrink: 0; flex-wrap: wrap; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; gap: 4px; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; text-overflow: unset; text-wrap: nowrap;"><time datetime="2023-11-01T01:44:34.000Z">16h</time></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1jkjb" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px 0px 0px 8px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1awozwy r-18u37iz r-1cmwbt1 r-1wtj0ep" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-pack: justify; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; gap: 8px; justify-content: space-between; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1awozwy r-6koalj r-18u37iz" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-18u37iz r-1h0z5md" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-pack: start; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; justify-content: flex-start; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-label="More" class="css-18t94o4 css-1dbjc4n r-1777fci r-bt1l66 r-1ny4l3l r-bztko3 r-lrvibr" data-testid="caret" role="button" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-box-pack: center; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; min-height: 20px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; user-select: none; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><div class="css-901oao r-1awozwy r-14j79pv r-6koalj r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1h0z5md r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-o7ynqc r-clp7b1 r-3s2u2q r-qvutc0" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-pack: start; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #536471; display: flex; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; justify-content: flex-start; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-overflow: unset; text-wrap: nowrap; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-xoduu5" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1niwhzg r-sdzlij r-1p0dtai r-xoduu5 r-1d2f490 r-xf4iuw r-1ny4l3l r-u8s1d r-zchlnj r-ipm5af r-o7ynqc r-6416eg" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border-radius: 9999px; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; inset: 0px; margin: -8px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, box-shadow; z-index: 0;"></div><svg aria-hidden="true" class="r-4qtqp9 r-yyyyoo r-1xvli5t r-dnmrzs r-bnwqim r-1plcrui r-lrvibr r-1hdv0qi" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M3 12c0-1.1.9-2 2-2s2 .9 2 2-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2zm9 2c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2s-.9-2-2-2-2 .9-2 2 .9 2 2 2zm7 0c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2s-.9-2-2-2-2 .9-2 2 .9 2 2 2z"></path></g></svg></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><p><span style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-weight: inherit; white-space: inherit;">In the Preface of his 1905 book, </span><span class="r-36ujnk" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-weight: inherit; white-space: inherit;">Prehistoric Relics</span><span style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-weight: inherit; white-space: inherit;">, Warren Moorehead related that there are "7500 collectors of archaeological specimens" in the US. These are a couple of them. It wasn't a "good" thing; most of these artifacts came from mounds.</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEillLFIJk9eZdzdqsOzvsk5XGDlmL7stapqgDOxloZhLRjs8Ckjme28WAS6QQpRLKfMbrf0OR_PdKK5W9opWGOI5tpNtZIH0VdsjfQWgQ8AYoLkR1HtvWStKWyAA5l-AX9cujyNEcFFIbhlDbHdhrVpUwtGbRKZC9SPVGRkiFJ1kWWLbPzo6MSU9hBlPDnA" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1766" data-original-width="1158" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEillLFIJk9eZdzdqsOzvsk5XGDlmL7stapqgDOxloZhLRjs8Ckjme28WAS6QQpRLKfMbrf0OR_PdKK5W9opWGOI5tpNtZIH0VdsjfQWgQ8AYoLkR1HtvWStKWyAA5l-AX9cujyNEcFFIbhlDbHdhrVpUwtGbRKZC9SPVGRkiFJ1kWWLbPzo6MSU9hBlPDnA" width="157" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiA6t8S8mkZQ9MZSfthYid30n5Ge0RuGGt-NJOs2ovbiquhEIzqNxu7w_6_JdgZRcMaGXO3uORSkf6Dn5SgirXupLTbViD_rqF_fm7hzcG31V4mfE1oRaC1cgStthelHA_T8jUem1elhBBWTu8b-8TZo-Poq5Goa5i60L5_8EjvZymhta9GTO2Mvh_GOmlt" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1858" data-original-width="1332" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiA6t8S8mkZQ9MZSfthYid30n5Ge0RuGGt-NJOs2ovbiquhEIzqNxu7w_6_JdgZRcMaGXO3uORSkf6Dn5SgirXupLTbViD_rqF_fm7hzcG31V4mfE1oRaC1cgStthelHA_T8jUem1elhBBWTu8b-8TZo-Poq5Goa5i60L5_8EjvZymhta9GTO2Mvh_GOmlt" width="172" /></a></div><br />Moorehead's book is available here:<p></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/prehistoricrelic00warr/page/n3/mode/2up" style="text-align: left;" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/prehistoricrelic00warr/page/n3/mode/2up</a><span style="text-align: left;"> </span></div><p></p>jonathan3dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05379975395372054926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3521338997615439913.post-58031294855280228092023-10-30T10:18:00.001-07:002023-10-30T10:18:16.606-07:00Mulek's route discussed in the Ensign<p>Useful article from 1973:</p><p><a href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1973/09/discovery/possible-routes-suggested-for-muleks-voyage?lang=eng" target="_blank">https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1973/09/discovery/possible-routes-suggested-for-muleks-voyage?lang=eng</a></p><p>A graphic shows two alternatives for Mulek that resemble what many LDS believe are the routes Lehi and Mulek took.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgttM76azY7Pu1woNr-berzo_Fpjgxdnr3y2tmG0cHWKWnRgTQulx-Ztcx_3X1xqplO401JBph62bvpI8ZVuzknh86UiiRsDjacBo9aSHIUGXKr2qO9ucUC2eMA9kXH9XbDGQdq155wRuFphYyOuuVpgIchu41jZ95jSsd7ruWUdbcoPgIW4egVDGNj4BLg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="240" data-original-width="339" height="227" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgttM76azY7Pu1woNr-berzo_Fpjgxdnr3y2tmG0cHWKWnRgTQulx-Ztcx_3X1xqplO401JBph62bvpI8ZVuzknh86UiiRsDjacBo9aSHIUGXKr2qO9ucUC2eMA9kXH9XbDGQdq155wRuFphYyOuuVpgIchu41jZ95jSsd7ruWUdbcoPgIW4egVDGNj4BLg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p data-aid="126467627" id="p7" style="--height: 287.96875px; background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Ensign:Serif", McKay, "McKay ldsLat", Palatino, "Palatino Linotype", Palatino-Roman, serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 0.889em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">A powerful ocean stream originates in the Indian Ocean in the vicinity of Madagascar, sweeps southward around the Cape of Good Hope, veers westward across the South Atlantic to a point on the north of the eastern tip of Brazil, and continues northward off the coast of South America until it merges with the current flowing across the North Atlantic. Thus, if a vessel were to embark on the Red Sea and hold course close to the eastern shore of Africa until it reached the vicinity of Madagascar, it could follow the currents to the West Indies and the Gulf of Mexico.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><p data-aid="126467629" id="p8" style="--height: 172.78125px; background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Ensign:Serif", McKay, "McKay ldsLat", Palatino, "Palatino Linotype", Palatino-Roman, serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 0.889em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">Although twice as far as the Mediterranean route, this second possibility warrants consideration. It has been discovered that under orders of the Egyptian monarch Neccho II, Phoenician sailors in about 600 <small style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 0.8em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.33em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">B.C.</small> voyaged around the entire continent of Africa, and this was 2100 years before the same feat was accomplished by Vasco de Gama in 1498.</span></p></div><p><br /><br /></p>jonathan3dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05379975395372054926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3521338997615439913.post-90651378500663956242023-09-26T07:30:00.002-07:002023-09-26T07:30:00.149-07:00Towers overlooking the Ohio river<p>More useful info:</p><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-18u37iz r-15zivkp" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: stretch; background-color: white; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 4px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1iusvr4 r-16y2uox r-1777fci" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-box-pack: center; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex: 1 0 0px; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-zl2h9q" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-k4xj1c r-18u37iz r-1wtj0ep" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-pack: justify; align-items: start; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; justify-content: space-between; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1d09ksm r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2" style="-webkit-box-align: baseline; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: baseline; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" data-testid="User-Name" id="id__fwgsio9ezo6" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1awozwy r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><a class="css-4rbku5 css-18t94o4 css-1dbjc4n r-1loqt21 r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" href="https://twitter.com/DrGregLittle2" role="link" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1awozwy r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-901oao r-1awozwy r-18jsvk2 r-6koalj r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-b88u0q r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-1udh08x r-1ddef8g r-3s2u2q r-qvutc0" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: flex; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 css-1hf3ou5 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;">Gregory L Little, Ed.D.</span></span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-xoduu5 r-18u37iz r-1q142lx r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline-flex; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-1awozwy r-xoduu5 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="-webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline-flex; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;"><svg aria-label="Verified account" class="r-1cvl2hr r-4qtqp9 r-yyyyoo r-1xvli5t r-9cviqr r-f9ja8p r-og9te1 r-bnwqim r-1plcrui r-lrvibr" data-testid="icon-verified" role="img" viewbox="0 0 22 22"><g><path d="M20.396 11c-.018-.646-.215-1.275-.57-1.816-.354-.54-.852-.972-1.438-1.246.223-.607.27-1.264.14-1.897-.131-.634-.437-1.218-.882-1.687-.47-.445-1.053-.75-1.687-.882-.633-.13-1.29-.083-1.897.14-.273-.587-.704-1.086-1.245-1.44S11.647 1.62 11 1.604c-.646.017-1.273.213-1.813.568s-.969.854-1.24 1.44c-.608-.223-1.267-.272-1.902-.14-.635.13-1.22.436-1.69.882-.445.47-.749 1.055-.878 1.688-.13.633-.08 1.29.144 1.896-.587.274-1.087.705-1.443 1.245-.356.54-.555 1.17-.574 1.817.02.647.218 1.276.574 1.817.356.54.856.972 1.443 1.245-.224.606-.274 1.263-.144 1.896.13.634.433 1.218.877 1.688.47.443 1.054.747 1.687.878.633.132 1.29.084 1.897-.136.274.586.705 1.084 1.246 1.439.54.354 1.17.551 1.816.569.647-.016 1.276-.213 1.817-.567s.972-.854 1.245-1.44c.604.239 1.266.296 1.903.164.636-.132 1.22-.447 1.68-.907.46-.46.776-1.044.908-1.681s.075-1.299-.165-1.903c.586-.274 1.084-.705 1.439-1.246.354-.54.551-1.17.569-1.816zM9.662 14.85l-3.429-3.428 1.293-1.302 2.072 2.072 4.4-4.794 1.347 1.246z"></path></g></svg></span></div></div></a></div></div><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1d09ksm r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2" style="-webkit-box-align: baseline; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: baseline; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><a class="css-4rbku5 css-18t94o4 css-1dbjc4n r-1loqt21 r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" href="https://twitter.com/DrGregLittle2" role="link" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; z-index: 0;" tabindex="-1"><div class="css-901oao css-1hf3ou5 r-14j79pv r-18u37iz r-37j5jr r-1wvb978 r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #536471; display: inline; flex-direction: row; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: "ss01"; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-overflow: ellipsis; text-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;">@DrGregLittle2</span></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1jkjb" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px 0px 0px 8px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1awozwy r-18u37iz r-1cmwbt1 r-1wtj0ep" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-pack: justify; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; gap: 8px; justify-content: space-between; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1awozwy r-6koalj r-18u37iz" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-18u37iz r-1h0z5md" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-pack: start; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; justify-content: flex-start; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-label="More" class="css-18t94o4 css-1dbjc4n r-1777fci r-bt1l66 r-1ny4l3l r-bztko3 r-lrvibr" data-testid="caret" role="button" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-box-pack: center; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; min-height: 20px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; user-select: none; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><div class="css-901oao r-1awozwy r-14j79pv r-6koalj r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1h0z5md r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-o7ynqc r-clp7b1 r-3s2u2q r-qvutc0" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-pack: start; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #536471; display: flex; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; justify-content: flex-start; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-wrap: nowrap; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-xoduu5" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1niwhzg r-sdzlij r-1p0dtai r-xoduu5 r-1d2f490 r-xf4iuw r-1ny4l3l r-u8s1d r-zchlnj r-ipm5af r-o7ynqc r-6416eg" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border-radius: 9999px; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; inset: 0px; margin: -8px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, box-shadow; z-index: 0;"></div><svg aria-hidden="true" class="r-4qtqp9 r-yyyyoo r-1xvli5t r-dnmrzs r-bnwqim r-1plcrui r-lrvibr r-1hdv0qi" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M3 12c0-1.1.9-2 2-2s2 .9 2 2-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2zm9 2c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2s-.9-2-2-2-2 .9-2 2 .9 2 2 2zm7 0c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2s-.9-2-2-2-2 .9-2 2 .9 2 2 2z"></path></g></svg></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="css-1dbjc4n" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; background-color: white; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1s2bzr4" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 12px 0px 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__k8yw8lcnvv" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;">Before the Smithsonian existed and began their mound investigations (and even during its beginning), there was Henry R. Schoolcraft. This illustration from Schoolcraft shows the remains of an ancient stone tower overlooking Moundsville, West Virginia and the Ohio River in the mid-1800s. There were several of these on both sides of the river and they are believed to have been used as observation and signal sites. If you look at the middle right side, the large Grave Creek Mound is shown.</span></div></div></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb3FsdgFYldzYNJhG2rIZmRGdIARhmjTaQkGZcQaWbHvg-Q8Na_wnD6WpObnLUBzhAApy49dhMUuSzKtUZcK0GSCjHlb5AhAocHoAK7Pib8yWSOaJxV3nlClV0aVJQfTEwO9ul5EBLdcI-ETM8Fx87tLkE-l211V3Y4GfbaHr1aMyUG_EFMhkXe-bas4fx/s900/stone%20tower%20overlooking%20Ohio%20river.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="674" data-original-width="900" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb3FsdgFYldzYNJhG2rIZmRGdIARhmjTaQkGZcQaWbHvg-Q8Na_wnD6WpObnLUBzhAApy49dhMUuSzKtUZcK0GSCjHlb5AhAocHoAK7Pib8yWSOaJxV3nlClV0aVJQfTEwO9ul5EBLdcI-ETM8Fx87tLkE-l211V3Y4GfbaHr1aMyUG_EFMhkXe-bas4fx/s320/stone%20tower%20overlooking%20Ohio%20river.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p>This is me on the Grave Creek Mound:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_NVKucyMet1POhcHHA2w8_EZMT8x-7q15Xyv45ieu8osWgVXvKFnXQF4TU8apsihT_mfSt-D2tx8iT8CPzqxOEN43LzgKdeeBh0fiku9fImbXcx4OF_sQlTN04nEibYSne3afYRmVm85XWjrJaEJdnVYdnAhD5Vi5RAw9bmF0wPbf4QrqjgiWzuuMEQNG/s2200/Me%20on%20Grave%20Creek%20mound.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1650" data-original-width="2200" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_NVKucyMet1POhcHHA2w8_EZMT8x-7q15Xyv45ieu8osWgVXvKFnXQF4TU8apsihT_mfSt-D2tx8iT8CPzqxOEN43LzgKdeeBh0fiku9fImbXcx4OF_sQlTN04nEibYSne3afYRmVm85XWjrJaEJdnVYdnAhD5Vi5RAw9bmF0wPbf4QrqjgiWzuuMEQNG/s320/Me%20on%20Grave%20Creek%20mound.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p>jonathan3dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05379975395372054926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3521338997615439913.post-90302488219854350252023-09-23T08:12:00.001-07:002023-09-23T08:12:34.788-07:00Circleville and Enon, Ohio, and Zion's camp<p>I've visited Circleville, Ohio, where they initially built the city with the earthworks in mind but later changed them. The drawing below was made in 1836.</p><p>In 1834, Joseph Smith led Zion's Camp through Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, which he described as <a href="https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/letterbook-2/62?highlight=plains%20of%20the%20Nephites" target="_blank"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">"the plains of the Nephites."</span></a> </p><p>They did not pass through Circleville, but when they were about 55 miles west of Circleville, they encountered a large mound in Enon, Ohio. I've visited that site. This is where Joseph related the account I added later in this post.</p><p><br /></p><p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDtVFYiV6_f_gdojLidWcrbwNM5_rfkR3qNuMejbhQdVAY7rjjyl7uftsD4ZmNpIPakqwH0GN43oBeeT9HrBZj86M9F23pGvWw1L0ZZ5d9jbJJGrBLS9Hv23uuFh5T0yFn2Hit82xrZ0iFgchSafey9rKu2XnTNzMtWlViCjEDrjTUDUjdIRJXeEtq-UvY/s2855/Ohio%20mounds%20and%20Zion's%20camp.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2475" data-original-width="2855" height="277" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDtVFYiV6_f_gdojLidWcrbwNM5_rfkR3qNuMejbhQdVAY7rjjyl7uftsD4ZmNpIPakqwH0GN43oBeeT9HrBZj86M9F23pGvWw1L0ZZ5d9jbJJGrBLS9Hv23uuFh5T0yFn2Hit82xrZ0iFgchSafey9rKu2XnTNzMtWlViCjEDrjTUDUjdIRJXeEtq-UvY/s320/Ohio%20mounds%20and%20Zion's%20camp.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(click to enlarge)</td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </p><p>_____</p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Circleville, Ohio</span></b></p><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-18u37iz r-15zivkp" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: stretch; background-color: white; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 4px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1iusvr4 r-16y2uox r-1777fci" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-box-pack: center; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex: 1 0 0px; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-zl2h9q" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-k4xj1c r-18u37iz r-1wtj0ep" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-pack: justify; align-items: start; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; justify-content: space-between; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1d09ksm r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2" style="-webkit-box-align: baseline; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: baseline; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" data-testid="User-Name" id="id__qv4rjctn4wb" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1awozwy r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><a class="css-4rbku5 css-18t94o4 css-1dbjc4n r-1loqt21 r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" href="https://twitter.com/DrGregLittle2" role="link" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1awozwy r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-901oao r-1awozwy r-18jsvk2 r-6koalj r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-b88u0q r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-1udh08x r-1ddef8g r-3s2u2q r-qvutc0" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: flex; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 css-1hf3ou5 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;">Gregory L Little, Ed.D.</span></span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-xoduu5 r-18u37iz r-1q142lx r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline-flex; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-1awozwy r-xoduu5 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="-webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline-flex; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;"><svg aria-label="Verified account" class="r-1cvl2hr r-4qtqp9 r-yyyyoo r-1xvli5t r-9cviqr r-f9ja8p r-og9te1 r-bnwqim r-1plcrui r-lrvibr" data-testid="icon-verified" role="img" viewbox="0 0 22 22"><g><path d="M20.396 11c-.018-.646-.215-1.275-.57-1.816-.354-.54-.852-.972-1.438-1.246.223-.607.27-1.264.14-1.897-.131-.634-.437-1.218-.882-1.687-.47-.445-1.053-.75-1.687-.882-.633-.13-1.29-.083-1.897.14-.273-.587-.704-1.086-1.245-1.44S11.647 1.62 11 1.604c-.646.017-1.273.213-1.813.568s-.969.854-1.24 1.44c-.608-.223-1.267-.272-1.902-.14-.635.13-1.22.436-1.69.882-.445.47-.749 1.055-.878 1.688-.13.633-.08 1.29.144 1.896-.587.274-1.087.705-1.443 1.245-.356.54-.555 1.17-.574 1.817.02.647.218 1.276.574 1.817.356.54.856.972 1.443 1.245-.224.606-.274 1.263-.144 1.896.13.634.433 1.218.877 1.688.47.443 1.054.747 1.687.878.633.132 1.29.084 1.897-.136.274.586.705 1.084 1.246 1.439.54.354 1.17.551 1.816.569.647-.016 1.276-.213 1.817-.567s.972-.854 1.245-1.44c.604.239 1.266.296 1.903.164.636-.132 1.22-.447 1.68-.907.46-.46.776-1.044.908-1.681s.075-1.299-.165-1.903c.586-.274 1.084-.705 1.439-1.246.354-.54.551-1.17.569-1.816zM9.662 14.85l-3.429-3.428 1.293-1.302 2.072 2.072 4.4-4.794 1.347 1.246z"></path></g></svg></span></div></div></a></div></div><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1d09ksm r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2" style="-webkit-box-align: baseline; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: baseline; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><a class="css-4rbku5 css-18t94o4 css-1dbjc4n r-1loqt21 r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" href="https://twitter.com/DrGregLittle2" role="link" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; z-index: 0;" tabindex="-1"><div class="css-901oao css-1hf3ou5 r-14j79pv r-18u37iz r-37j5jr r-1wvb978 r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #536471; display: inline; flex-direction: row; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: "ss01"; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-overflow: ellipsis; text-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;">@DrGregLittle2</span></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1jkjb" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px 0px 0px 8px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1awozwy r-18u37iz r-1cmwbt1 r-1wtj0ep" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-pack: justify; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; gap: 8px; justify-content: space-between; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1awozwy r-6koalj r-18u37iz" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-18u37iz r-1h0z5md" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-pack: start; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; justify-content: flex-start; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-label="More" class="css-18t94o4 css-1dbjc4n r-1777fci r-bt1l66 r-1ny4l3l r-bztko3 r-lrvibr" data-testid="caret" role="button" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-box-pack: center; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; min-height: 20px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; user-select: none; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><div class="css-901oao r-1awozwy r-14j79pv r-6koalj r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1h0z5md r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-o7ynqc r-clp7b1 r-3s2u2q r-qvutc0" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-pack: start; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #536471; display: flex; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; justify-content: flex-start; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-wrap: nowrap; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-xoduu5" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1niwhzg r-sdzlij r-1p0dtai r-xoduu5 r-1d2f490 r-xf4iuw r-1ny4l3l r-u8s1d r-zchlnj r-ipm5af r-o7ynqc r-6416eg" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border-radius: 9999px; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; inset: 0px; margin: -8px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, box-shadow; z-index: 0;"></div><svg aria-hidden="true" class="r-4qtqp9 r-yyyyoo r-1xvli5t r-dnmrzs r-bnwqim r-1plcrui r-lrvibr r-1hdv0qi" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M3 12c0-1.1.9-2 2-2s2 .9 2 2-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2zm9 2c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2s-.9-2-2-2-2 .9-2 2 .9 2 2 2zm7 0c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2s-.9-2-2-2-2 .9-2 2 .9 2 2 2z"></path></g></svg></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="css-1dbjc4n" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; background-color: white; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1s2bzr4" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 12px 0px 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__9vs94erjjnv" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;">Mid-1800's illustration of how Circleville, Ohio was initially laid out to incorporate an ancient Native American circular earthwork with multiple rings. There was a square earthwork attached to it but that was destroyed. Not long after this illustration was made the city decided to redo the town's layout and the circle was destroyed and replaced by square grid streets.</span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__9vs94erjjnv" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__9vs94erjjnv" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi-2e6a27KfRwZKIEZU5TL8tFSvctQnQcCzB8IeVuQWqfiTIZ0PLxB9C9P3f5CU3i9P_CJAOW8SqTRxouCClLgBzRRegZNjgxN8gad5E9ojFJG8gT8vuPU61WUD1lAgUXGUc7gdba_X7NKHIBrgROyZkUW22jZn_b9MzBqDOYzu2M5iRKL7nc21iaILfE2A" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="772" data-original-width="1205" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi-2e6a27KfRwZKIEZU5TL8tFSvctQnQcCzB8IeVuQWqfiTIZ0PLxB9C9P3f5CU3i9P_CJAOW8SqTRxouCClLgBzRRegZNjgxN8gad5E9ojFJG8gT8vuPU61WUD1lAgUXGUc7gdba_X7NKHIBrgROyZkUW22jZn_b9MzBqDOYzu2M5iRKL7nc21iaILfE2A" width="320" /></a></div><br />_____</span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__9vs94erjjnv" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__9vs94erjjnv" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;"><b>Enon Mound</b></span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__9vs94erjjnv" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__9vs94erjjnv" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="color: #0f1419; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="https://ensignpeakfoundation.org/adena-mound-enon-oh-zions-camp/" target="_blank">https://ensignpeakfoundation.org/adena-mound-enon-oh-zions-camp/</a></span></span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__9vs94erjjnv" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__9vs94erjjnv" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">On Friday, May 16, 1834, the members of Zion’s Camp were approaching the town of Dayton, Ohio. According to James Bradley, at about 9:00 in the morning they passed “through a thicket of small timber, and their view of what was beyond was blocked.” They were close to what is now the town of Enon, Clark County, Ohio. It was there that the Prophet Joseph Smith felt depressed in spirit and commented that they were near a site where there had been much bloodshed. Citing members of the company, Bradley continues: “We soon came out of the timber where a large farm had been cleared, and to the left of the road was a mound sixty feet high, occupying about one acre of ground. We went to the mound and found that holes had been dug in it, which disclosed that it was filled with human bones.”</span></span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__9vs94erjjnv" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__9vs94erjjnv" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">According to Joseph Smith’s published history, he said on this occasion, “<b>that whenever a man of God is in a place where many have been killed, he will feel lonesome and unpleasant, ad his spirits will sink.”</b> In Enon there is a Native American burial site known as the Adena Mound, one of many such sites in the general region. It is very close to where Joseph had those depressing feelings. The community of Enon, has identified and preserved the site. This canonical mound is the second largest of many other such burial sites in Ohio. It has been estimated in several published sources that the mound was built up over time by Native Americans between 1200 B.C. and 800 A.D.</span></span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__9vs94erjjnv" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__9vs94erjjnv" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;">_____</span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__9vs94erjjnv" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__9vs94erjjnv" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;"><b>Route of Zion's Camp in Ohio</b></span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__9vs94erjjnv" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__9vs94erjjnv" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="color: #0f1419; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/bc/content/shared/content/images/gospel-library/magazine/ensignlp.nfo:o:2f8a.jpg" target="_blank">https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/bc/content/shared/content/images/gospel-library/magazine/ensignlp.nfo:o:2f8a.jpg</a></span></span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__9vs94erjjnv" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="color: #0f1419; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__9vs94erjjnv" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="color: #0f1419; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/bc/content/shared/content/images/gospel-library/magazine/ensignlp.nfo:o:2f8c.jpg" target="_blank">https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/bc/content/shared/content/images/gospel-library/magazine/ensignlp.nfo:o:2f8c.jpg</a></span></span></div></div></div></div>jonathan3dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05379975395372054926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3521338997615439913.post-818524207541505252023-09-19T20:51:00.003-07:002023-09-19T20:51:30.729-07:00Hopewell Earthworks now UNESCO World Heritage Site<p>Today, just before the 200th anniversary of Moroni's first visit to Joseph Smith, a major Hopewell earthwork, located in what Joseph described as "<a href="https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/letter-to-emma-smith-4-june-1834/2?highlight=plains%20of%20the%20Nephites" target="_blank">the plains of the Nephites</a>" and dating to Book of Mormon times, has been recognized as the United States’ 25th addition to the UNESCO World Heritage List.</p><p>Press release:</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: museo-sans; font-size: 14pt !important; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">On Sept. 19, the 21 countries on the UNESCO World Heritage Committee issued their decision to inscribe Ohio’s Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks as the United States’ 25th addition to the World Heritage List.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: museo-sans; font-size: 14pt !important; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">The Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks, which include five locations managed by the National Park Service and three managed by the Ohio History Connection, were built by Native Americans between 1,600 and 2,000 years ago. They are complex masterpieces of landscape architecture and are exceptional among ancient monuments worldwide in their enormous scale, geometric precision and astronomical alignments.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: museo-sans; font-size: 14pt !important; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">Collectively, these special and sacred places constitute Ohio’s first World Heritage Site.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: museo-sans;"><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;"><a href="https://www.ohiohistory.org/hopewell-ceremonial-earthworks-inscribed-as-ohios-first-unesco-world-heritage-site/" target="_blank">https://www.ohiohistory.org/hopewell-ceremonial-earthworks-inscribed-as-ohios-first-unesco-world-heritage-site/</a></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDTBaRWLsTs_FU4lP2zV-S9iyQxvJnDIcTYv7C3riDZvEmSL1zRk8924EUHmmW0hlq-EAK9JwEZ_GfCU93zhZWWXY_T-qIjcEZZzE5IlbGDq66kNmWvgYJceP6QPYXKCEmXTHYB2ejKEdwfEWpEMYYXTE8Uj7Wz52zxXKsY-TjiE4_EWgBgnBjqvYXHb8A/s2050/Hopewell%20UNESCO.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="495" data-original-width="2050" height="96" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDTBaRWLsTs_FU4lP2zV-S9iyQxvJnDIcTYv7C3riDZvEmSL1zRk8924EUHmmW0hlq-EAK9JwEZ_GfCU93zhZWWXY_T-qIjcEZZzE5IlbGDq66kNmWvgYJceP6QPYXKCEmXTHYB2ejKEdwfEWpEMYYXTE8Uj7Wz52zxXKsY-TjiE4_EWgBgnBjqvYXHb8A/w400-h96/Hopewell%20UNESCO.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: museo-sans; font-size: 14pt !important; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px;"><br /></p><p><br /></p>jonathan3dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05379975395372054926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3521338997615439913.post-79531828817517487662023-09-04T08:45:00.000-07:002023-09-04T08:45:34.134-07:00Mounds in the south<p> </p><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-orgf3d r-633pao" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; height: 0px; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; pointer-events: none !important; position: relative; z-index: 0;"></div><section aria-labelledby="accessible-list-4" class="css-1dbjc4n" role="region" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><h1 aria-level="1" class="css-4rbku5 css-901oao r-4iw3lz r-1xk2f4g r-109y4c4 r-1udh08x r-wwvuq4 r-u8s1d r-92ng3h" dir="auto" id="accessible-list-4" role="heading" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); display: inline; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; height: 1px; line-height: normal; list-style: none; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: absolute; text-align: inherit; white-space-collapse: preserve; width: 1px;">Conversation</h1><div aria-label="Timeline: Conversation" class="css-1dbjc4n" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div style="min-height: 3491px; position: relative;"><div data-testid="cellInnerDiv" style="position: absolute; transform: translateY(0px); transition: opacity 0.3s ease-out 0s; width: 598.4px;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-j5o65s r-qklmqi r-1adg3ll r-1ny4l3l" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border-color: black black rgb(239, 243, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><article aria-labelledby="id__nv4fskppis id__hgg8xfrs9eb id__dajna47xlav id__y492h28qph id__xmxzbiy73hr id__1t9es52vvsf id__pe0yh5c58ym id__lp5ccrfu4pm id__cvl11ip5mcb id__5zkq41ly37m id__sng9dpylexn id__berntu3cya id__cyj9k0hq1ha id__brisf7himui id__n2vig2crtn id__f2mob73o8is id__ova9ursw5m id__1a74izy3wi5 id__a56x42b99w" class="css-1dbjc4n r-18u37iz r-1ny4l3l r-1udh08x r-1qhn6m8 r-i023vh" data-testid="tweet" role="article" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline: none; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px 16px; position: relative; z-index: 0;" tabindex="-1"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-eqz5dr r-16y2uox r-1wbh5a2" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex: 1 1 auto; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-16y2uox r-1wbh5a2 r-1ny4l3l" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex: 1 1 auto; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-18u37iz" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1iusvr4 r-16y2uox r-ttdzmv" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex: 1 0 0px; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 12px 0px 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"></div></div></div><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-18u37iz r-15zivkp" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px 0px 4px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1awozwy r-onrtq4 r-18kxxzh r-1b7u577" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-flex: 0; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex: 0 0 40px; margin: 0px 12px 0px 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n" data-testid="Tweet-User-Avatar" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-18kxxzh r-1wbh5a2 r-13qz1uu" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-flex: 0; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex: 0 1 auto; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 40px; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1adg3ll r-bztko3" data-testid="UserAvatar-Container-DrGregLittle2" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; height: 40px; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 40px; z-index: 0;"><div class="r-1adg3ll r-13qz1uu" style="padding-bottom: 40px; width: 40px;"></div><div class="r-1p0dtai r-1pi2tsx r-1d2f490 r-u8s1d r-ipm5af r-13qz1uu" style="bottom: 0px; height: 40px; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 40px;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1adg3ll r-1pi2tsx r-1wyvozj r-bztko3 r-u8s1d r-1v2oles r-desppf r-13qz1uu" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; height: 40px; left: 20px; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 20px; transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%); width: 40px; z-index: 0;"><div class="r-1adg3ll r-13qz1uu" style="padding-bottom: 40px; width: 40px;"></div><div class="r-1p0dtai r-1pi2tsx r-1d2f490 r-u8s1d r-ipm5af r-13qz1uu" style="bottom: 0px; height: 40px; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 40px;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-sdzlij r-ggadg3 r-1udh08x r-u8s1d r-8jfcpp" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border-radius: 9999px; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; height: calc(100% - -4px); left: -2px; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: -2px; width: calc(100% - -4px); z-index: 0;"><a aria-hidden="true" class="css-4rbku5 css-18t94o4 css-1dbjc4n r-1niwhzg r-1loqt21 r-1pi2tsx r-1ny4l3l r-o7ynqc r-6416eg r-13qz1uu" href="https://twitter.com/DrGregLittle2" role="link" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; font: inherit; height: 44px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, box-shadow; width: 44px; z-index: 0;" tabindex="-1"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-sdzlij r-1wyvozj r-1udh08x r-633pao r-u8s1d r-1v2oles r-desppf" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border-radius: 9999px; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; height: calc(100% - 4px); left: 22px; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; pointer-events: none !important; position: absolute; top: 22px; transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%); width: calc(100% - 4px); z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1niwhzg r-1pi2tsx r-13qz1uu" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; height: 40px; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 40px; z-index: 0;"></div></div><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-sdzlij r-1wyvozj r-1udh08x r-633pao r-u8s1d r-1v2oles r-desppf" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border-radius: 9999px; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; height: calc(100% - 4px); left: 22px; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; pointer-events: none !important; position: absolute; top: 22px; transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%); width: calc(100% - 4px); z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-14lw9ot r-1pi2tsx r-13qz1uu" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; background-color: white; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; height: 40px; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 40px; z-index: 0;"></div></div><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-14lw9ot r-sdzlij r-1wyvozj r-1udh08x r-633pao r-u8s1d r-1v2oles r-desppf" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; background-color: white; border-radius: 9999px; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; height: calc(100% - 4px); left: 22px; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; pointer-events: none !important; position: absolute; top: 22px; transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%); width: calc(100% - 4px); z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1adg3ll r-1udh08x" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="r-1adg3ll r-13qz1uu" style="padding-bottom: 40px; width: 40px;"></div><div class="r-1p0dtai r-1pi2tsx r-1d2f490 r-u8s1d r-ipm5af r-13qz1uu" style="bottom: 0px; height: 40px; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 40px;"><div aria-label="" class="css-1dbjc4n r-1p0dtai r-1mlwlqe r-1d2f490 r-1udh08x r-u8s1d r-zchlnj r-ipm5af r-417010" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; inset: 0px; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: absolute; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1niwhzg r-vvn4in r-u6sd8q r-4gszlv r-1p0dtai r-1pi2tsx r-1d2f490 r-u8s1d r-zchlnj r-ipm5af r-13qz1uu r-1wyyakw" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-image: url("https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1620573946864099328/CHn97gR9_bigger.jpg"); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; height: 40px; inset: 0px; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; width: 40px; z-index: -1;"></div><img alt="" class="css-9pa8cd" draggable="true" src="https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1620573946864099328/CHn97gR9_bigger.jpg" style="height: 40px; inset: 0px; opacity: 0; position: absolute; width: 40px; z-index: -1;" /></div></div></div></div><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-sdzlij r-1wyvozj r-1udh08x r-u8s1d r-1v2oles r-desppf" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border-radius: 9999px; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; height: calc(100% - 4px); left: 22px; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 22px; transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%); width: calc(100% - 4px); z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-12181gd r-1pi2tsx r-1ny4l3l r-o7ynqc r-6416eg r-13qz1uu" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03) 0px 0px 2px inset; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; height: 40px; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, box-shadow; width: 40px; z-index: 0;"></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1iusvr4 r-16y2uox r-1777fci" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-box-pack: center; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex: 1 0 0px; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-zl2h9q" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-k4xj1c r-18u37iz r-1wtj0ep" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-pack: justify; align-items: start; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; justify-content: space-between; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1d09ksm r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2" style="-webkit-box-align: baseline; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: baseline; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" data-testid="User-Name" id="id__xmxzbiy73hr" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1awozwy r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><a class="css-4rbku5 css-18t94o4 css-1dbjc4n r-1loqt21 r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" href="https://twitter.com/DrGregLittle2" role="link" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1awozwy r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-901oao r-1awozwy r-18jsvk2 r-6koalj r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-b88u0q r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-1udh08x r-3s2u2q r-qvutc0" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: flex; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 css-1hf3ou5 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;">Gregory L Little, Ed.D.</span></span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-xoduu5 r-18u37iz r-1q142lx r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline-flex; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-1awozwy r-xoduu5 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="-webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline-flex; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;"><svg aria-label="Verified account" class="r-1cvl2hr r-4qtqp9 r-yyyyoo r-1xvli5t r-9cviqr r-f9ja8p r-og9te1 r-bnwqim r-1plcrui r-lrvibr" data-testid="icon-verified" role="img" viewbox="0 0 22 22"><g><path d="M20.396 11c-.018-.646-.215-1.275-.57-1.816-.354-.54-.852-.972-1.438-1.246.223-.607.27-1.264.14-1.897-.131-.634-.437-1.218-.882-1.687-.47-.445-1.053-.75-1.687-.882-.633-.13-1.29-.083-1.897.14-.273-.587-.704-1.086-1.245-1.44S11.647 1.62 11 1.604c-.646.017-1.273.213-1.813.568s-.969.854-1.24 1.44c-.608-.223-1.267-.272-1.902-.14-.635.13-1.22.436-1.69.882-.445.47-.749 1.055-.878 1.688-.13.633-.08 1.29.144 1.896-.587.274-1.087.705-1.443 1.245-.356.54-.555 1.17-.574 1.817.02.647.218 1.276.574 1.817.356.54.856.972 1.443 1.245-.224.606-.274 1.263-.144 1.896.13.634.433 1.218.877 1.688.47.443 1.054.747 1.687.878.633.132 1.29.084 1.897-.136.274.586.705 1.084 1.246 1.439.54.354 1.17.551 1.816.569.647-.016 1.276-.213 1.817-.567s.972-.854 1.245-1.44c.604.239 1.266.296 1.903.164.636-.132 1.22-.447 1.68-.907.46-.46.776-1.044.908-1.681s.075-1.299-.165-1.903c.586-.274 1.084-.705 1.439-1.246.354-.54.551-1.17.569-1.816zM9.662 14.85l-3.429-3.428 1.293-1.302 2.072 2.072 4.4-4.794 1.347 1.246z"></path></g></svg></span></div></div></a></div></div><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1d09ksm r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2" style="-webkit-box-align: baseline; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: baseline; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><a class="css-4rbku5 css-18t94o4 css-1dbjc4n r-1loqt21 r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" href="https://twitter.com/DrGregLittle2" role="link" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; z-index: 0;" tabindex="-1"><div class="css-901oao css-1hf3ou5 r-14j79pv r-18u37iz r-37j5jr r-1wvb978 r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #536471; display: inline; flex-direction: row; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: "ss01"; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-overflow: ellipsis; text-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;">@DrGregLittle2</span></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1jkjb" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px 0px 0px 8px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-18u37iz r-1cmwbt1 r-1wtj0ep" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-pack: justify; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; gap: 8px; justify-content: space-between; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1awozwy r-6koalj r-18u37iz" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-18u37iz r-1h0z5md" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-pack: start; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; justify-content: flex-start; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-label="More" class="css-18t94o4 css-1dbjc4n r-1777fci r-bt1l66 r-1ny4l3l r-bztko3 r-lrvibr" data-testid="caret" role="button" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-box-pack: center; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; min-height: 20px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; user-select: none; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><div class="css-901oao r-1awozwy r-14j79pv r-6koalj r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1h0z5md r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-o7ynqc r-clp7b1 r-3s2u2q r-qvutc0" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-pack: start; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #536471; display: flex; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; justify-content: flex-start; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-wrap: nowrap; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-xoduu5" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1niwhzg r-sdzlij r-1p0dtai r-xoduu5 r-1d2f490 r-xf4iuw r-1ny4l3l r-u8s1d r-zchlnj r-ipm5af r-o7ynqc r-6416eg" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border-radius: 9999px; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; inset: 0px; margin: -8px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, box-shadow; z-index: 0;"></div><svg aria-hidden="true" class="r-4qtqp9 r-yyyyoo r-1xvli5t r-dnmrzs r-bnwqim r-1plcrui r-lrvibr r-1hdv0qi" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M3 12c0-1.1.9-2 2-2s2 .9 2 2-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2zm9 2c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2s-.9-2-2-2-2 .9-2 2 .9 2 2 2zm7 0c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2s-.9-2-2-2-2 .9-2 2 .9 2 2 2z"></path></g></svg></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="css-1dbjc4n" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; background-color: white; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1s2bzr4" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 12px 0px 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__sng9dpylexn" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;">This map shows a 5-day driving loop to mound site in the Mid-South region. About 50 mounds could be seen on this 1200-mile excursion, but there would be more mounds than that along the route if one had more time. From: <span class="r-36ujnk" style="font-style: italic;">Forgotten History 5-Day Mound Tour: Travel Guide to Native American Mounds in the Mid-South.</span></span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__sng9dpylexn" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;"><span class="r-36ujnk" style="font-style: italic;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__sng9dpylexn" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgc_X12P2eEbNc3FwAZtKStJmfuawZPKxHbS3XiEYdlQBaWeUAo89-N52b9NDBCUyXqeGTK8vFtkWpebwIwqqG6PawTMhHNv80S8gZC9uqAPwjWu8ssM3EDWLA607bO8Fj5tflwa7qufV4Oici2bxbVFF1zWctmTv48DHJjxofeBXheZTnVeZb85QXSQcY/s1592/mounds%20in%20the%20south.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1230" data-original-width="1592" height="309" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgc_X12P2eEbNc3FwAZtKStJmfuawZPKxHbS3XiEYdlQBaWeUAo89-N52b9NDBCUyXqeGTK8vFtkWpebwIwqqG6PawTMhHNv80S8gZC9uqAPwjWu8ssM3EDWLA607bO8Fj5tflwa7qufV4Oici2bxbVFF1zWctmTv48DHJjxofeBXheZTnVeZb85QXSQcY/w400-h309/mounds%20in%20the%20south.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><span class="r-36ujnk" style="font-style: italic;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__sng9dpylexn" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;"><span class="r-36ujnk" style="font-style: italic;"><br /></span></span></div></div></div><div class="css-1dbjc4n" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; background-color: white; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div aria-labelledby="id__ch2ts1pbwa id__1fz9fzdxkk7" class="css-1dbjc4n r-1ssbvtb r-1s2bzr4" id="id__cyj9k0hq1ha" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; gap: 12px; margin: 12px 0px 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-9aw3ui" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; gap: 4px; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1ets6dv r-1867qdf r-1phboty r-rs99b7 r-1ny4l3l r-1udh08x r-o7ynqc r-6416eg" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border-radius: 16px; border: 1px solid rgb(207, 217, 222); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, box-shadow; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-16y2uox r-1pi2tsx r-13qz1uu" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex: 1 0 auto; height: 436.362px; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 564.8px; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1adg3ll r-1udh08x" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></article></div></div></div></div></div></section>jonathan3dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05379975395372054926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3521338997615439913.post-56531459804055126042023-08-14T08:25:00.002-07:002023-08-14T08:25:32.002-07:00TVA and mounds in TennesseeI lived in Tennessee as a kid and I've been back several times. Lots of interesting archaeology still, but much of it was flooded by the TVA.<div><br /></div><div>This tweet from Greg Little is a good example.<br /><div><br /></div><div><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-18u37iz r-15zivkp" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: stretch; background-color: white; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 4px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1iusvr4 r-16y2uox r-1777fci" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-box-pack: center; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex: 1 0 0px; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-zl2h9q" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-k4xj1c r-18u37iz r-1wtj0ep" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-pack: justify; align-items: start; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; justify-content: space-between; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1d09ksm r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2" style="-webkit-box-align: baseline; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: baseline; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" data-testid="User-Name" id="id__sc03dljqgmq" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1awozwy r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><a class="css-4rbku5 css-18t94o4 css-1dbjc4n r-1loqt21 r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" href="https://twitter.com/DrGregLittle2" role="link" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1awozwy r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-901oao r-1awozwy r-18jsvk2 r-6koalj r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-b88u0q r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-1udh08x r-1ddef8g r-3s2u2q r-qvutc0" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: flex; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 css-1hf3ou5 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;">Gregory L Little, Ed.D.</span></span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-xoduu5 r-18u37iz r-1q142lx r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline-flex; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-1awozwy r-xoduu5 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="-webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline-flex; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;"><svg aria-label="Verified account" class="r-1cvl2hr r-4qtqp9 r-yyyyoo r-1xvli5t r-9cviqr r-f9ja8p r-og9te1 r-bnwqim r-1plcrui r-lrvibr" data-testid="icon-verified" role="img" viewbox="0 0 22 22"><g><path d="M20.396 11c-.018-.646-.215-1.275-.57-1.816-.354-.54-.852-.972-1.438-1.246.223-.607.27-1.264.14-1.897-.131-.634-.437-1.218-.882-1.687-.47-.445-1.053-.75-1.687-.882-.633-.13-1.29-.083-1.897.14-.273-.587-.704-1.086-1.245-1.44S11.647 1.62 11 1.604c-.646.017-1.273.213-1.813.568s-.969.854-1.24 1.44c-.608-.223-1.267-.272-1.902-.14-.635.13-1.22.436-1.69.882-.445.47-.749 1.055-.878 1.688-.13.633-.08 1.29.144 1.896-.587.274-1.087.705-1.443 1.245-.356.54-.555 1.17-.574 1.817.02.647.218 1.276.574 1.817.356.54.856.972 1.443 1.245-.224.606-.274 1.263-.144 1.896.13.634.433 1.218.877 1.688.47.443 1.054.747 1.687.878.633.132 1.29.084 1.897-.136.274.586.705 1.084 1.246 1.439.54.354 1.17.551 1.816.569.647-.016 1.276-.213 1.817-.567s.972-.854 1.245-1.44c.604.239 1.266.296 1.903.164.636-.132 1.22-.447 1.68-.907.46-.46.776-1.044.908-1.681s.075-1.299-.165-1.903c.586-.274 1.084-.705 1.439-1.246.354-.54.551-1.17.569-1.816zM9.662 14.85l-3.429-3.428 1.293-1.302 2.072 2.072 4.4-4.794 1.347 1.246z"></path></g></svg></span></div></div></a></div></div><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1d09ksm r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2" style="-webkit-box-align: baseline; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: baseline; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><a class="css-4rbku5 css-18t94o4 css-1dbjc4n r-1loqt21 r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" href="https://twitter.com/DrGregLittle2" role="link" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; z-index: 0;" tabindex="-1"><div class="css-901oao css-1hf3ou5 r-14j79pv r-18u37iz r-37j5jr r-1wvb978 r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #536471; display: inline; flex-direction: row; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: "ss01"; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-overflow: ellipsis; text-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;">@DrGregLittle2</span></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1joea0r" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-18u37iz r-1ssbvtb r-1wtj0ep" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-pack: justify; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; gap: 12px; justify-content: space-between; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1awozwy r-6koalj r-18u37iz" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-18u37iz r-1h0z5md" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-pack: start; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; justify-content: flex-start; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-label="More" class="css-18t94o4 css-1dbjc4n r-1777fci r-bt1l66 r-1ny4l3l r-bztko3 r-lrvibr" data-testid="caret" role="button" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-box-pack: center; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; min-height: 20px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; user-select: none; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><div class="css-901oao r-1awozwy r-14j79pv r-6koalj r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1h0z5md r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-o7ynqc r-clp7b1 r-3s2u2q r-qvutc0" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-pack: start; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #536471; display: flex; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; justify-content: flex-start; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-wrap: nowrap; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-xoduu5" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1niwhzg r-sdzlij r-1p0dtai r-xoduu5 r-1d2f490 r-xf4iuw r-1ny4l3l r-u8s1d r-zchlnj r-ipm5af r-o7ynqc r-6416eg" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border-radius: 9999px; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; inset: 0px; margin: -8px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, box-shadow; z-index: 0;"></div><svg aria-hidden="true" class="r-4qtqp9 r-yyyyoo r-1xvli5t r-dnmrzs r-bnwqim r-1plcrui r-lrvibr r-1hdv0qi" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M3 12c0-1.1.9-2 2-2s2 .9 2 2-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2zm9 2c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2s-.9-2-2-2-2 .9-2 2 .9 2 2 2zm7 0c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2s-.9-2-2-2-2 .9-2 2 .9 2 2 2z"></path></g></svg></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="css-1dbjc4n" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; background-color: white; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1s2bzr4" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 12px 0px 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__s9hwvnlgxdq" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;">In the 1930s the TVA & WPA excavated many mounds in the Tennessee Valley prior to new dams flooding hundreds of ancient sites. This "structure" was found at the bottom of a large mound that was 130 x 110 feet in diameter near Speedwell, Tenn. They found that a series of 8 different large buildings had been made on this spot over a vast time period. When a building was burned, burials were made, it was then covered by a layer of dirt and then a new building was built. When it burned burials were made and a new building was made. The "first" building (shown here) was made from huge logs (the post holes are along the sides) tilted inward. It was a 55 x 27 feet building (1,485 sq. ft). The mound, which they asserted had been plowed down to only half its original size, was one of several there and a large village with at least 1000 residents was located around the site. From: Bulletin 118; Smithsonian BAE (1938).</span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__s9hwvnlgxdq" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__s9hwvnlgxdq" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi57rskZJaMX-PXmj7Q4T8xMMVKzcPgxQ9r4pk6itGtH8864bESD1PXsWM4GFWte-0gPQYgQAyZaPhR0mbftudmqEj9mS4wg0DkY4n2nTEGXN9ae4ygSsCfjmTE_iZNkPQQ06fEvnHPys6kaN4iEal2iEMImHWnjYPji--MkQ3GK5jQo2FdYlUq04kzsASp/s1870/mound%20in%20tennessee.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1226" data-original-width="1870" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi57rskZJaMX-PXmj7Q4T8xMMVKzcPgxQ9r4pk6itGtH8864bESD1PXsWM4GFWte-0gPQYgQAyZaPhR0mbftudmqEj9mS4wg0DkY4n2nTEGXN9ae4ygSsCfjmTE_iZNkPQQ06fEvnHPys6kaN4iEal2iEMImHWnjYPji--MkQ3GK5jQo2FdYlUq04kzsASp/s320/mound%20in%20tennessee.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(click to enlarge)</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;"><br /></span></div></div></div></div></div></div>jonathan3dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05379975395372054926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3521338997615439913.post-15199583914899868342023-07-28T08:00:00.005-07:002023-07-28T08:00:41.316-07:00Ancient routes to America<p>This map from the Museum of Native American History in Bentonville, Arkansas, shows the ancient routes to America.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIAiiOyEuCPqzuUKklL0wCaszFOzp03gS-XhQQLmkAR6TzYXB0yk187y7Gzt14zmAOX4a8cdu5f1Qb-pYZu0-so72urfdvMuGhaT9SwxU1TsfHC4dwY-hYb3TYOI3n831SSwO6oGzJI-g5Ku2qJ4Ghd3fCry-OY3MdZFrPQL5xEkB90jngVOXqcay4QmAm/s4032/ancient%20routes%20to%20America.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIAiiOyEuCPqzuUKklL0wCaszFOzp03gS-XhQQLmkAR6TzYXB0yk187y7Gzt14zmAOX4a8cdu5f1Qb-pYZu0-so72urfdvMuGhaT9SwxU1TsfHC4dwY-hYb3TYOI3n831SSwO6oGzJI-g5Ku2qJ4Ghd3fCry-OY3MdZFrPQL5xEkB90jngVOXqcay4QmAm/s320/ancient%20routes%20to%20America.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><a href="https://www.monah.org/" target="_blank">https://www.monah.org/</a></p><p>Thanks to <span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><a href="https://twitter.com/DrGregLittle2/status/1684723218215505920?s=20" target="_blank">https://twitter.com/DrGregLittle2/status/1684723218215505920?s=20</a></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #0f1419; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; white-space-collapse: preserve;">With recent genetic research it is known that ancient migrations were made into the Americas from people living in the Australia/New Zealand area of the South Pacific. Some American archaeology museums are now accepting that there were at least two, and possibly three, ancient migration routes. This map from the MONAH museum in Arkansas shows the "southern route" at the bottom, the standard Beringia route in the top left, and an eastern route shown in the upper right.</span></p><p>_____</p><p>Once when I was in Brisbane, Australia, a temple worker noticed my accent and asked if I was American. I said yes. </p><p>He said, "Did you know Lehi landed here on his way to America?"</p><p>"That's a new one," I replied.</p><p>"It's obvious. Just look at Alma 10:2."</p><p>I pulled it up on my phone. "I am Amulek; I am the son of <b>Giddonah</b>, who was the son of Ishmael, who was a descendant of Aminadi." (Alma 10:2)</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXl6XVg-u9qRDOEa6Njh3M_iIC6TmCu3N2UrZHm0fHNYEFy5NnPfEdqtFJQLkhdJGZ7KTMfPBrGhs3CYU3Z1S3oTJ6RnGmfAHxNrj_f6rbpMS4ZlhXP7LQZYryb7ButI8CVaGp-H95UPMitYNC_Lm8fc0xPBIpz2th1BC9DO6yK9pwNnxWp285mGB5wnUW/s499/Goodonya%20mate.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="328" data-original-width="499" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXl6XVg-u9qRDOEa6Njh3M_iIC6TmCu3N2UrZHm0fHNYEFy5NnPfEdqtFJQLkhdJGZ7KTMfPBrGhs3CYU3Z1S3oTJ6RnGmfAHxNrj_f6rbpMS4ZlhXP7LQZYryb7ButI8CVaGp-H95UPMitYNC_Lm8fc0xPBIpz2th1BC9DO6yK9pwNnxWp285mGB5wnUW/s320/Goodonya%20mate.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p>I told him that made more sense than that Lehi landed in Mesoamerica!</p><div><br /></div>jonathan3dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05379975395372054926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3521338997615439913.post-4709837963719691682023-07-21T07:17:00.000-07:002023-07-21T07:17:14.170-07:00Pre-Columbian civilizations in North America<p>Gregory Little makes an important observation about the Smithsonian map from the late 1800s.</p><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-18u37iz r-15zivkp" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: stretch; background-color: white; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 4px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1iusvr4 r-16y2uox r-1777fci" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-box-pack: center; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex: 1 0 0px; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-zl2h9q" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-k4xj1c r-18u37iz r-1wtj0ep" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-pack: justify; align-items: start; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; justify-content: space-between; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1d09ksm r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2" style="-webkit-box-align: baseline; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: baseline; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" data-testid="User-Name" id="id__b5j4h2z0uo6" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1awozwy r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><a class="css-4rbku5 css-18t94o4 css-1dbjc4n r-1loqt21 r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" href="https://twitter.com/DrGregLittle2" role="link" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1awozwy r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-901oao r-1awozwy r-18jsvk2 r-6koalj r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-b88u0q r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-1udh08x r-1ddef8g r-3s2u2q r-qvutc0" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: flex; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: underline; text-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 css-1hf3ou5 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;">Gregory L Little, Ed.D.</span></span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-xoduu5 r-18u37iz r-1q142lx r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline-flex; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-1awozwy r-xoduu5 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="-webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline-flex; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;"><svg aria-label="Verified account" class="r-1cvl2hr r-4qtqp9 r-yyyyoo r-1xvli5t r-9cviqr r-f9ja8p r-og9te1 r-bnwqim r-1plcrui r-lrvibr" data-testid="icon-verified" role="img" viewbox="0 0 22 22"><g><path d="M20.396 11c-.018-.646-.215-1.275-.57-1.816-.354-.54-.852-.972-1.438-1.246.223-.607.27-1.264.14-1.897-.131-.634-.437-1.218-.882-1.687-.47-.445-1.053-.75-1.687-.882-.633-.13-1.29-.083-1.897.14-.273-.587-.704-1.086-1.245-1.44S11.647 1.62 11 1.604c-.646.017-1.273.213-1.813.568s-.969.854-1.24 1.44c-.608-.223-1.267-.272-1.902-.14-.635.13-1.22.436-1.69.882-.445.47-.749 1.055-.878 1.688-.13.633-.08 1.29.144 1.896-.587.274-1.087.705-1.443 1.245-.356.54-.555 1.17-.574 1.817.02.647.218 1.276.574 1.817.356.54.856.972 1.443 1.245-.224.606-.274 1.263-.144 1.896.13.634.433 1.218.877 1.688.47.443 1.054.747 1.687.878.633.132 1.29.084 1.897-.136.274.586.705 1.084 1.246 1.439.54.354 1.17.551 1.816.569.647-.016 1.276-.213 1.817-.567s.972-.854 1.245-1.44c.604.239 1.266.296 1.903.164.636-.132 1.22-.447 1.68-.907.46-.46.776-1.044.908-1.681s.075-1.299-.165-1.903c.586-.274 1.084-.705 1.439-1.246.354-.54.551-1.17.569-1.816zM9.662 14.85l-3.429-3.428 1.293-1.302 2.072 2.072 4.4-4.794 1.347 1.246z"></path></g></svg></span></div></div></a></div></div><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1d09ksm r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2" style="-webkit-box-align: baseline; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: baseline; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><a class="css-4rbku5 css-18t94o4 css-1dbjc4n r-1loqt21 r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" href="https://twitter.com/DrGregLittle2" role="link" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; z-index: 0;" tabindex="-1"><div class="css-901oao css-1hf3ou5 r-14j79pv r-18u37iz r-37j5jr r-1wvb978 r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #536471; display: inline; flex-direction: row; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: "ss01"; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-overflow: ellipsis; text-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;">@DrGregLittle2</span></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1joea0r" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1awozwy r-6koalj r-18u37iz" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-18u37iz r-1h0z5md" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-pack: start; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; justify-content: flex-start; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-label="More" class="css-18t94o4 css-1dbjc4n r-1777fci r-bt1l66 r-1ny4l3l r-bztko3 r-lrvibr" data-testid="caret" role="button" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-box-pack: center; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; min-height: 20px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; user-select: none; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><div class="css-901oao r-1awozwy r-14j79pv r-6koalj r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1h0z5md r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-o7ynqc r-clp7b1 r-3s2u2q r-qvutc0" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-pack: start; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #536471; display: flex; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; justify-content: flex-start; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-wrap: nowrap; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-xoduu5" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1niwhzg r-sdzlij r-1p0dtai r-xoduu5 r-1d2f490 r-xf4iuw r-1ny4l3l r-u8s1d r-zchlnj r-ipm5af r-o7ynqc r-6416eg" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border-radius: 9999px; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; inset: 0px; margin: -8px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, box-shadow; z-index: 0;"></div><svg aria-hidden="true" class="r-4qtqp9 r-yyyyoo r-1xvli5t r-dnmrzs r-bnwqim r-1plcrui r-lrvibr r-1hdv0qi" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M3 12c0-1.1.9-2 2-2s2 .9 2 2-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2zm9 2c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2s-.9-2-2-2-2 .9-2 2 .9 2 2 2zm7 0c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2s-.9-2-2-2-2 .9-2 2 .9 2 2 2z"></path></g></svg></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="css-1dbjc4n" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; background-color: white; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1s2bzr4" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 12px 0px 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__un1affnedd" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;">I need to do this again... this is the Smithsonian's Bureau of Ethnology map showing the general distribution of mound sites they had identified in the eastern half of the USA by the late 1800s. The red dots indicate areas where mounds, sometimes hundreds, were found. However, they typically then looked only at places that were easily visited: by roads, railways, and rivers. For just one simple example, the entire Gulf coast of Florida should be solid red. Another example: the mountains of NE Alabama has hundreds to a thousand or more stone mounds that were not found until the 2000s.</span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__un1affnedd" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__un1affnedd" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC-ImO_BwpcxUn6AvJUWmU94e_HE0VShqoJWrFmJXL-Uhjej8DVrZFQVQwMDYwD904TMJWH5YgMEmv71h1FRAqlmaIjuT-9Q7V-w_xLfLoCNlMVfgI0U_no8QOBAb9AyWOb2eA-A7GyHyA13H8i51lI8nRU8Piv45FAoUVI7vLXDGgzagolggLRzJTBZXT/s1626/Smithsonian%20map%20from%201800s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1626" data-original-width="1174" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC-ImO_BwpcxUn6AvJUWmU94e_HE0VShqoJWrFmJXL-Uhjej8DVrZFQVQwMDYwD904TMJWH5YgMEmv71h1FRAqlmaIjuT-9Q7V-w_xLfLoCNlMVfgI0U_no8QOBAb9AyWOb2eA-A7GyHyA13H8i51lI8nRU8Piv45FAoUVI7vLXDGgzagolggLRzJTBZXT/w289-h400/Smithsonian%20map%20from%201800s.jpg" width="289" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(click to enlarge)</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;"><br /></span></div></div></div></div>jonathan3dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05379975395372054926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3521338997615439913.post-67568125549206970082023-07-14T09:56:00.003-07:002023-07-14T09:56:44.094-07:00Portsmouth site<p>Portsmouth, Ohio, is on the Ohio river about 90 miles south of Columbus. I've visited here a few times and highly recommend the site (as well as the other sites in Ohio).</p><p>Portsmouth is the location of a complex of earthworks dating from 100 BC to 500 AD, built by Adena and Hopewell cultures. Across the river in Kentucky is an unusual earthwork that was plowed up for cattle grazing.</p><p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZAPmVvMyQ5rI6cqsjFrL4JBgxdmfRR9UHXsOxL6x7X01CQaXar1Pm1Q5JSMRaVlz2qgNosJCuqH9cfCp5bP1Xqgf0sLR_N-mhrKlFFkHJxSTDt6PeZqJIdkLuI45Gd_IfKxRNS4wTHqvVAkMzyjfNwiwPOyi1wk6DEpCIrwdUTuVB-mAiEHaL77sfjo0v/s700/Portsmouth%20survey.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="556" data-original-width="700" height="318" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZAPmVvMyQ5rI6cqsjFrL4JBgxdmfRR9UHXsOxL6x7X01CQaXar1Pm1Q5JSMRaVlz2qgNosJCuqH9cfCp5bP1Xqgf0sLR_N-mhrKlFFkHJxSTDt6PeZqJIdkLuI45Gd_IfKxRNS4wTHqvVAkMzyjfNwiwPOyi1wk6DEpCIrwdUTuVB-mAiEHaL77sfjo0v/w400-h318/Portsmouth%20survey.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Squier and Davis survey (click to enlarge)</td></tr></tbody></table></p><p>There's a nice overview with references on wikipedia.</p><p></p><p><span style="color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portsmouth_Earthworks" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portsmouth_Earthworks</a></span></span></p><p><span style="color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px;">This site has some additional info:</span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif;"><a href="https://earthworks.site/index.php/portsmouth-earthworks" target="_blank">https://earthworks.site/index.php/portsmouth-earthworks</a></span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitQWgLBPLyX9HOdSeurZOpjx8ZXoJT2bxPxvHI22B7chFl6AXzJnoseBKaOHZEX-F8jrr9PepRFUHGzd-6sGhUmh_RVfckhf2bmEEbwHfT-r5rReUmN5tIf1dCOsiY-BUly52W_OGOPLfpD4q7vDHfd-LFY4ThIIl8cjBZiHSxDb-XbeqXcDToav0frzD1/s481/Portsmouth%20survey%20map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="247" data-original-width="481" height="164" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitQWgLBPLyX9HOdSeurZOpjx8ZXoJT2bxPxvHI22B7chFl6AXzJnoseBKaOHZEX-F8jrr9PepRFUHGzd-6sGhUmh_RVfckhf2bmEEbwHfT-r5rReUmN5tIf1dCOsiY-BUly52W_OGOPLfpD4q7vDHfd-LFY4ThIIl8cjBZiHSxDb-XbeqXcDToav0frzD1/s320/Portsmouth%20survey%20map.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Blue lines show the embankment walls</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></p><p><span style="color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px;">Greg Little tweeted about it recently:</span></span></p><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-18u37iz r-15zivkp" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: stretch; background-color: white; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 4px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1iusvr4 r-16y2uox r-1777fci" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-box-pack: center; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex: 1 0 0px; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-zl2h9q" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-k4xj1c r-18u37iz r-1wtj0ep" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-pack: justify; align-items: start; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; justify-content: space-between; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1d09ksm r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2" style="-webkit-box-align: baseline; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: baseline; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" data-testid="User-Name" id="id__i43nivdmem9" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1awozwy r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><a class="css-4rbku5 css-18t94o4 css-1dbjc4n r-1loqt21 r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" href="https://twitter.com/DrGregLittle2" role="link" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1awozwy r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-901oao r-1awozwy r-18jsvk2 r-6koalj r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-b88u0q r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-1udh08x r-3s2u2q r-qvutc0" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: flex; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 css-1hf3ou5 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;">Gregory L Little, Ed.D.</span></span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-xoduu5 r-18u37iz r-1q142lx r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline-flex; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-1awozwy r-xoduu5 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="-webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline-flex; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;"><svg aria-label="Verified account" class="r-1cvl2hr r-4qtqp9 r-yyyyoo r-1xvli5t r-9cviqr r-f9ja8p r-og9te1 r-bnwqim r-1plcrui r-lrvibr" data-testid="icon-verified" role="img" viewbox="0 0 22 22"><g><path d="M20.396 11c-.018-.646-.215-1.275-.57-1.816-.354-.54-.852-.972-1.438-1.246.223-.607.27-1.264.14-1.897-.131-.634-.437-1.218-.882-1.687-.47-.445-1.053-.75-1.687-.882-.633-.13-1.29-.083-1.897.14-.273-.587-.704-1.086-1.245-1.44S11.647 1.62 11 1.604c-.646.017-1.273.213-1.813.568s-.969.854-1.24 1.44c-.608-.223-1.267-.272-1.902-.14-.635.13-1.22.436-1.69.882-.445.47-.749 1.055-.878 1.688-.13.633-.08 1.29.144 1.896-.587.274-1.087.705-1.443 1.245-.356.54-.555 1.17-.574 1.817.02.647.218 1.276.574 1.817.356.54.856.972 1.443 1.245-.224.606-.274 1.263-.144 1.896.13.634.433 1.218.877 1.688.47.443 1.054.747 1.687.878.633.132 1.29.084 1.897-.136.274.586.705 1.084 1.246 1.439.54.354 1.17.551 1.816.569.647-.016 1.276-.213 1.817-.567s.972-.854 1.245-1.44c.604.239 1.266.296 1.903.164.636-.132 1.22-.447 1.68-.907.46-.46.776-1.044.908-1.681s.075-1.299-.165-1.903c.586-.274 1.084-.705 1.439-1.246.354-.54.551-1.17.569-1.816zM9.662 14.85l-3.429-3.428 1.293-1.302 2.072 2.072 4.4-4.794 1.347 1.246z"></path></g></svg></span></div></div></a></div></div><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1d09ksm r-18u37iz r-1wbh5a2" style="-webkit-box-align: baseline; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: baseline; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><a class="css-4rbku5 css-18t94o4 css-1dbjc4n r-1loqt21 r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l" href="https://twitter.com/DrGregLittle2" role="link" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; z-index: 0;" tabindex="-1"><div class="css-901oao css-1hf3ou5 r-14j79pv r-18u37iz r-37j5jr r-1wvb978 r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #536471; display: inline; flex-direction: row; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: "ss01"; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-overflow: ellipsis; text-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;">@DrGregLittle2</span></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1joea0r" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1awozwy r-6koalj r-18u37iz" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-18u37iz r-1h0z5md" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-pack: start; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; justify-content: flex-start; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-label="More" class="css-18t94o4 css-1dbjc4n r-1777fci r-bt1l66 r-1ny4l3l r-bztko3 r-lrvibr" data-testid="caret" role="button" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-box-pack: center; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; min-height: 20px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; user-select: none; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><div class="css-901oao r-1awozwy r-14j79pv r-6koalj r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-1h0z5md r-rjixqe r-bcqeeo r-o7ynqc r-clp7b1 r-3s2u2q r-qvutc0" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-box-align: center; -webkit-box-pack: start; align-items: center; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #536471; display: flex; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; justify-content: flex-start; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-wrap: nowrap; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: color;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-xoduu5" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1niwhzg r-sdzlij r-1p0dtai r-xoduu5 r-1d2f490 r-xf4iuw r-1ny4l3l r-u8s1d r-zchlnj r-ipm5af r-o7ynqc r-6416eg" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border-radius: 9999px; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; inset: 0px; margin: -8px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: background-color, box-shadow; z-index: 0;"></div><svg aria-hidden="true" class="r-4qtqp9 r-yyyyoo r-1xvli5t r-dnmrzs r-bnwqim r-1plcrui r-lrvibr r-1hdv0qi" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M3 12c0-1.1.9-2 2-2s2 .9 2 2-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2zm9 2c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2s-.9-2-2-2-2 .9-2 2 .9 2 2 2zm7 0c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2s-.9-2-2-2-2 .9-2 2 .9 2 2 2z"></path></g></svg></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="css-1dbjc4n" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; background-color: white; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-1dbjc4n r-1s2bzr4" style="-webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 0; margin: 12px 0px 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__jriqykwshhd" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;">1. 1800s survey of another portion of the Portsmouth, Ohio earthworks. It was located across the Ohio River in Kentucky. The exact location is known. 2. This is the spot where the central mound shown on the survey existed and the owner of the site is on the left. He related that his grandfather leveled the mound and intricate circular earthworks to make a cattle grazing area. He also related that his grandfather came to regret it.</span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__jriqykwshhd" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div class="css-901oao r-18jsvk2 r-37j5jr r-1inkyih r-16dba41 r-135wba7 r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" data-testid="tweetText" dir="auto" id="id__jriqykwshhd" lang="en" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1419; display: inline; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 17px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic44tcScWCYVC5g2QnWdTh8L76zz1lqEwkOzcseklHW3ph0avsRjLH357Elcb9axLVnLdMKirxFJUvClX3EgUcYfcFstQ9mfdIIZ2nK12eqGvz2L8iIxVg3G0GIO4A9oJhzedj8eOMrl_RsaF9lOWWDq_vOHJMONnqKRXOC7-2EYNgk3RhVrjwV4m7i2tl/s3888/Portsmouth%20survey%20site.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2592" data-original-width="3888" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic44tcScWCYVC5g2QnWdTh8L76zz1lqEwkOzcseklHW3ph0avsRjLH357Elcb9axLVnLdMKirxFJUvClX3EgUcYfcFstQ9mfdIIZ2nK12eqGvz2L8iIxVg3G0GIO4A9oJhzedj8eOMrl_RsaF9lOWWDq_vOHJMONnqKRXOC7-2EYNgk3RhVrjwV4m7i2tl/s320/Portsmouth%20survey%20site.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit;"><br /></span></div></div></div></div>jonathan3dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05379975395372054926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3521338997615439913.post-81601345513091781862023-04-20T10:19:00.001-07:002023-04-20T10:19:26.654-07:00Sac and Fox Nation - Joseph Smith Papers<p>An article about the final volumes of the Joseph Smith Papers includes an image of Joseph Smith preaching the King Follet sermon in April 1944.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGSHeiZaFz_c0LBd2wFYleLujWGK6z0t8D0q7t3hXv21RSci9YE-BQi5ux_jt7UzrBoxlusfDaaQtTxTt2Ol3AZ6QG0MJ46fMET2HGkNW9CUKPeJuNGM1FrmnBDBsUuZPDOYlKibooU5VEPH5zTZM3HcistYjLY7P4VWAfWN4cCOnIhqCTQO7CPyDm3Q/s859/King%20Follet%20discourse%20with%20Indians.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="859" height="261" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGSHeiZaFz_c0LBd2wFYleLujWGK6z0t8D0q7t3hXv21RSci9YE-BQi5ux_jt7UzrBoxlusfDaaQtTxTt2Ol3AZ6QG0MJ46fMET2HGkNW9CUKPeJuNGM1FrmnBDBsUuZPDOYlKibooU5VEPH5zTZM3HcistYjLY7P4VWAfWN4cCOnIhqCTQO7CPyDm3Q/s320/King%20Follet%20discourse%20with%20Indians.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(click to enlarge)</td></tr></tbody></table><p><a href="https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/joseph-smith-papers-lecture" target="_blank">https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/joseph-smith-papers-lecture</a></p><p>On the stand with Joseph are members of the Sac and Fox Nation. Theses tribes were originally from the Lake Huron and Lake Michigan area before a series of wars (and the US government) forced them to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sac_and_Fox_Nation" target="_blank">relocate </a>to Oklahoma, Iowa, and Missouri. See the note from JSP below.*</p><p>A month later, members of the tribe visited Joseph in Nauvoo. He explained that the Book of Mormon told him about their fathers.</p><div class=" noindent anonymous-block-p journal-entry-divider" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: McKay, serif; font-size: 18px; font-variant-ligatures: none; margin: 1em 0px;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a name="X97741F73-13CD-4E45-97E0-F0BA9FAA20C0" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s;"><span class="anonymous-block" id="X97741F73-13CD-4E45-97E0-F0BA9FAA20C0" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic; text-align: center;">23 May 1844 • Thursday</span></a><aside class="popup-wrapper" id="15622636703302301564" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;" tabindex="0"><a name="X97741F73-13CD-4E45-97E0-F0BA9FAA20C0" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s;"></a><a class="editorial-note-static staticPopup" href="https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-draft-1-january-21-june-1844/65#15622636703302301564" name="trans182" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Zoram, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; line-height: 17px; margin-right: 1px; padding: 2px 4px 2px 3px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; top: -3px; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; vertical-align: super;" title="Note"><span id="documenttrans182" style="box-sizing: border-box;">182</span></a></aside></span></div><div class="indent wasptag" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; clear: right; font-family: McKay, serif; font-size: 18px; font-variant-ligatures: none; margin-bottom: 0px; text-indent: 22px;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">Thursday 23<span class="superscript" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: x-small; line-height: 6px; vertical-align: super;">rd.</span>— <aside class="popup-wrapper" id="10760967796527859207" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; position: relative; text-indent: 0px; white-space: nowrap;" tabindex="0"><a class="reference staticPopup" href="https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-draft-1-january-21-june-1844/65#10760967796527859207" person="per86" ro="per86" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s;" title="Emma Hale Smith">Emma</a></aside> rather better. Read Hebrew with <aside class="popup-wrapper" id="3118212278107690528" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; position: relative; text-indent: 0px; white-space: nowrap;" tabindex="0"><a class="reference staticPopup" href="https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-draft-1-january-21-june-1844/65#3118212278107690528" person="per526" ro="per526" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s;" title="Alexander Neibaur">Niebaur [Alexander Neibaur]</a></aside>, and <span class="line-break" style="border-right: 1px dashed rgb(111, 96, 83); box-sizing: border-box; margin-right: 0.25em; margin-right: 0.25em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"></span>Counseled with various friends. At 10 A. M. Municipal Court <span class="line-break" style="border-right: 1px dashed rgb(111, 96, 83); box-sizing: border-box; margin-right: 0.25em; margin-right: 0.25em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"></span>Met <aside class="popup-wrapper" id="16203664091583335333" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; position: relative; text-indent: 0px; white-space: nowrap;" tabindex="0"><a class="reference staticPopup" href="https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-draft-1-january-21-june-1844/65#16203664091583335333" person="per222" ro="per222" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s;" title="Newel Kimball Whitney">N[ewel] K. Whitney</a></aside> presiding, <span class="deleted" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: line-through;">and</span> <but there not being a quorum present,> adjourned for one week. <span class="line-break" style="border-right: 1px dashed rgb(111, 96, 83); box-sizing: border-box; margin-right: 0.25em; margin-right: 0.25em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"></span>At one P M had a talk with the <mark style="background: rgb(255, 255, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">Sac and Fox</mark> Indians in <span class="line-break" style="border-right: 1px dashed rgb(111, 96, 83); box-sizing: border-box; margin-right: 0.25em; margin-right: 0.25em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"></span>my back kitchen. They said: “When our fathers first came <span class="line-break" style="border-right: 1px dashed rgb(111, 96, 83); box-sizing: border-box; margin-right: 0.25em; margin-right: 0.25em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"></span>here, this land was inhabited by the Spanish, when the Spaniards <span class="line-break" style="border-right: 1px dashed rgb(111, 96, 83); box-sizing: border-box; margin-right: 0.25em; margin-right: 0.25em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"></span>were driven off the French came, and then the English and Americans; <span class="line-break" style="border-right: 1px dashed rgb(111, 96, 83); box-sizing: border-box; margin-right: 0.25em; margin-right: 0.25em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"></span>and our fathers talked a great deal with the Big Spirit.” <span class="deleted" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: line-through;">I</span> <They> <span class="line-break" style="border-right: 1px dashed rgb(111, 96, 83); box-sizing: border-box; margin-right: 0.25em; margin-right: 0.25em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"></span><span class="deleted" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: line-through;">told them I knew</span> complained <that> they had been robbed of their lands <span class="line-break" style="border-right: 1px dashed rgb(111, 96, 83); box-sizing: border-box; margin-right: 0.25em; margin-right: 0.25em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"></span>by the white, and cruelly treated. I told them I knew they <span class="line-break" style="border-right: 1px dashed rgb(111, 96, 83); box-sizing: border-box; margin-right: 0.25em; margin-right: 0.25em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"></span>had been wronged, but that we had bought this land and paid <span class="line-break" style="border-right: 1px dashed rgb(111, 96, 83); box-sizing: border-box; margin-right: 0.25em; margin-right: 0.25em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"></span>our money for it. I advised them not to sell any more <span class="line-break" style="border-right: 1px dashed rgb(111, 96, 83); box-sizing: border-box; margin-right: 0.25em; margin-right: 0.25em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"></span>land, but to cultivate peace with the different tribes, and with <span class="line-break" style="border-right: 1px dashed rgb(111, 96, 83); box-sizing: border-box; margin-right: 0.25em; margin-right: 0.25em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"></span>all men; as the Great Spirit wanted them to be united and to <span class="line-break" style="border-right: 1px dashed rgb(111, 96, 83); box-sizing: border-box; margin-right: 0.25em; margin-right: 0.25em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"></span>live in peace. <b>“The Great Spirit has enabled me to find a book <span class="line-break" style="border-right: 1px dashed rgb(111, 96, 83); box-sizing: border-box; margin-right: 0.25em; margin-right: 0.25em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"></span>(shewing them <span class="deleted" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: line-through;">a</span> <the> <a class="reference" href="https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/book-of-mormon-1840" pop="/ajax/papers/tooltip/book-of-mormon-1840" poptitle="Book of Mormon, 1840" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s;">Book of Mormon</a>) which told me <span class="deleted" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: line-through;">of</span> <about> your fathers, <span class="line-break" style="border-right: 1px dashed rgb(111, 96, 83); box-sizing: border-box; margin-right: 0.25em; margin-right: 0.25em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"></span>and the Great Spirit told me, ‘you must send to all the tribes that <span class="line-break" style="border-right: 1px dashed rgb(111, 96, 83); box-sizing: border-box; margin-right: 0.25em; margin-right: 0.25em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"></span>you can, and tell them to live in peace’;</b> and when any of our <span class="line-break" style="border-right: 1px dashed rgb(111, 96, 83); box-sizing: border-box; margin-right: 0.25em; margin-right: 0.25em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"></span>people come to see you, I want you to treat them as we treat you.”</span></div><p><a href="https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-draft-1-january-21-june-1844/65" target="_blank">https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/history-draft-1-january-21-june-1844/65</a></p><p>This identification of the Sac and Fox as descendants of the Book of Mormon people is consistent with what Joseph Smith wrote in the Wentworth letter, as well as with the "Mission to the Lamanites" as described in D&C 28, 30 and 32.</p><p>_____</p><p>*<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: McKay, serif; font-size: 16px;">The Sauk (or Sac) and Fox tribes, who were living in present-day </span><a class="referenceInPop" href="https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/place/michigan-territory" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5c7ca5; font-family: McKay, serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s;">Michigan</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: McKay, serif; font-size: 16px;"> and </span><a class="referenceInPop" href="https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/place/ohio" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5c7ca5; font-family: McKay, serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s;">Ohio</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: McKay, serif; font-size: 16px;"> by the early seventeenth century, established political ties with each other in the eighteenth century after a protracted war with the French nearly decimated the Fox tribe. Continued conflict with the French forced the confederation to move south into present-day </span><a class="referenceInPop" href="https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/place/illinois" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5c7ca5; font-family: McKay, serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s;">Illinois</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: McKay, serif; font-size: 16px;">, </span><a class="referenceInPop" href="https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/place/iowa-territory" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5c7ca5; font-family: McKay, serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s;">Iowa</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: McKay, serif; font-size: 16px;">, and </span><a class="referenceInPop" href="https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/place/missouri" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5c7ca5; font-family: McKay, serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s;">Missouri</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: McKay, serif; font-size: 16px;">—the western portions of which belonged to Spain at the time—where they began warring with tribes such as the Kaskaskia and Osage, who were already living in the area. American expansion into these lands after the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 led to further conflict, including an Indian raid in which three white settlers were killed. Hoping to avoid full-scale war with the </span><a class="referenceInPop" href="https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/place/united-states-of-america" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5c7ca5; font-family: McKay, serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s;">United States</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: McKay, serif; font-size: 16px;">, a delegation of Sauk and Fox leaders made an agreement with </span><a class="referenceInPop" href="https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/place/indiana" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5c7ca5; font-family: McKay, serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s;">Indiana</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: McKay, serif; font-size: 16px;"> territorial governor William Henry Harrison to cede part of their land in exchange for the return of an Indian prisoner. Harrison evidently did not reveal the full extent of the cession, however, which included most of western Illinois (including the land on which </span><a class="referenceInPop" href="https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/place/nauvoo-illinois" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5c7ca5; font-family: McKay, serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s;">Nauvoo</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: McKay, serif; font-size: 16px;"> was located), southwestern </span><a class="referenceInPop" href="https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/place/wisconsin-territory" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #5c7ca5; font-family: McKay, serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s;">Wisconsin</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: McKay, serif; font-size: 16px;">, and parts of eastern Missouri. Indian resentment over the treaty appears to have been a key factor behind the 1832 Black Hawk War, which resulted in the Indians being forced to cede to the United States one and one-quarter of a million acres of land in present-day Iowa. The remainder of their land was sold to the government in 1842. The Indians were permitted to continue living on the western portion of this land until 1845, when they were relocated to lands in present-day Kansas. (Jung, </span><span class="title" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: McKay, serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">Black Hawk War of 1832,</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: McKay, serif; font-size: 16px;"> 11–32, 190–209; White, </span><span class="title" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: McKay, serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">Middle Ground,</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: McKay, serif; font-size: 16px;"> 469–517; Eby, </span><span class="title" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: McKay, serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;">‘That Disgraceful Affair,’</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: McKay, serif; font-size: 16px;"> 37–63, 263–295.) </span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: McKay, serif; font-size: 16px;">Note 349. </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: McKay, serif;"><a href="https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/journal-december-1842-june-1844-book-4-1-march-22-june-1844/131" target="_blank">https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/journal-december-1842-june-1844-book-4-1-march-22-june-1844/131</a> </span></p><p><br /></p>jonathan3dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05379975395372054926noreply@blogger.com0